Comparing the -10 regions of two E. coli promoters which have identical -35 regions revealed the sequence TATAAT for the first and GATACT for the second one.  Why does the first promoter cause a higher transcription rate than the second one? a. The transcription rate from the first promoter will be higher, because RNA polymerase will bind TATAAT with a higher affinity than GATACT.   b. It will be higher, because formation of the open promoter complex is more easily achieved with TATAAT than with GATACT.   c. It will be higher, because TATAAT of the -10 region is transcribed into UAUAAU, which forms fewer hydrogen bonds with the template strand than GAUACU.   d. a and b, but not c   e. a, b, and c

DNA methylation status is associated with transcriptional activity. First, describe the specific mechanism by which DNA methylation can control gene activation. Next, hypothesize what would happen to transcription in a cell that expressed an nonfunctional maintenance methyltransferase. Please give me long detailed answer.

A. Based on this data, draw a conclusion about the promoter elements that Caudal specifically upregulates.  B. Dr. Juven-Gershon also tested Caudal activation of core promoter sequences from twoother genes. Similar to the first experiment, one was DPE-dependent (from the E74Bgene), and the other was TATA-dependent (from the Adh gene). However, these two corepromoters lacked the BREU motif. The results from these additional core promoters areshown below. Based on these results and those shown above, propose a hypothesis thatexplains the differences in Caudal-mediated upregulation among all the different corepromoters Dr. Juven-Gershon tested. C. To test your hypothesis from Question 3B, you plan perform the same method of genereporter assays that Dr. Juven-Gershon has done. However, you will need to do somemutations to alter the core promoters. Make diagrams or clearly describe all the variouscore promoters mutants you wish to test. These include your controls, as well as any…

Another mutant for of the Lac promoter demonstrates the characteristics below compared to the wild-type promoter. The RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme binds tighter to the mutant promoter, but has reduced promoter activity in an assay with the promoter fuse to the gene for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Provide a plausible explanation for this data. Lac Promoter Activity punog Binding of RNA Pol Holoenzymes to Promoters 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 Lac Promoter X 60 [DNA] nM 80 100 120 GFP Fluorecence 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Lac Promoter X

1. enzymes that catalyze histone acetlation are closesly associated with transription factors, which are proteins that promote transcription. why is this a good biochemical strategy? 2. sp1 is a sqeuence specific human DNA binding protein that binds to a region on the DNA called the GC box, a promoter element with the sequence GGGCGG. Binding of Sp1 to the GC box enhances RNA polymerase 2 activity 50- to a 100 fold. How would you use affinity chromatography to purify SP1?

you design an ideal promoter for a gene to be highly expressed in E. coli cells? Describe strategies and explain