Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Compare the reactants, products, and energy yield of the 3 stages of cellular respiration . (You are NOT responsible for all the intermediate steps. For example: know that glucose is split into 2 molecules of pyruvate in glycolysis, 2 net ATPs are produced and 2 NADH pick up energy that will be used in the final step of cellular respiration).
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- Plants have alternate ways of getting respiratory substrates to the point of triose-phosphate of glycolysis. After that, plants have alternative steps during the carbon oxidation phase of glycolysis that affect whether or not ATP is synthesized during glycolysis. What are these various alternatives before and after triose-phosphate? Why are they used? How do they affect the ATP use and yield from glycolysis?arrow_forwardIn this chapter you learned that cellular respiration is a lengthy metabolic pathway that consists of 4 distinct phases, beginning with glucose and ending with 36 ATP molecules. The diagram below illustrates how certain compounds from the breakdown of all nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) can be converted into intermediates in głycolysis and the Kreb's Cycle and how they can enter and leave at many different stages of these pathways. Use the lettered items below to corredly identify the numbered items (106 to 115) in the diagram. Record your responses onto the Google Form. food stage 1: a. proteins breakdown of large macro- molecules to simple subunits 106 107 108 b. co2 109 110 fatty acids and glycerol с. lipids stage 2: 111 breakdown of simple subunits to acetyl CoA accompanied by production of limited ATP and NADH d. Kreb Cycle pyruvate simple sugars g. glucose 112 f. ATP 113 02 g. stage 3: complete oxida tion of acetyl COA to H0 and coz involves production of much NADH,…arrow_forwardFor Pyruvate Decarboxylation (Link Reaction), what are steps of cellular respiration for both aerobic (oxygen present) and anaerobic (without oxygen) respiration. what are the Inputs and Outputs: Clearly indicate the key substrates, intermediates, and products at each stage. Location: Show where this stage of cellular respiration occurs within the cell (e.g., cytoplasm, mitochondria). Energy Production: Highlight the ATP and NADH production at this stage. Oxygen: Show where oxygen is used in the process (e.g., ETC) and where carbon dioxide is produced. Electron Carriers: Indicate the role of electron carriers such as NAD+ and FAD in transferring eleDiagrams: Use diagrams or icons to represent the structures and molecules involved, such as the mitochondria, glucose, ATP, and oxygen. Key Information like important facts or formulas relevant to cellular respiration, like the chemical equations for each stage.arrow_forward
- If 5 pyruvate were completely oxidized, how many ATP would be produced by oxidative phosphorylation? Do not include ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation. Enter your answer using Arabic numerals rounded to the nearest whole number without any punctuation or spaces. e.g., If your answer is “12.5", enter: 13 Type your answer and submit Cannot be emptyarrow_forwardWhere in cellular respiration does feedback inhibition occur? Describe all. (Hint:think about glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and electron transport chain and what's being inhibited in each) What would happen if this feedback inhibition were removed?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning oxidative phosphorylation is false? Group of answer choices: The electron transport chain generates an electrochemical gradient that drives the production of ATP. ATP synthase with fewer subunits in its c ring will produce more ATP per proton. A “loose” β subunit of ATP synthase becomes a “tight” site as it produces ATP. When the supply of NADH and QH2 (ubiquinol) decreases, ATP synthase produces more ATP.arrow_forward
- To carefully prepared mitochondria were added succinate, oxidized cytochrome c, ADP, orthophosphate, and sodium cyanide. The overall balanced equation is: succinate + 2 cyt c(ox) + ADP + Pi --> fumarate + 2 cyt c(red) + ATP + H2O The standard state free energy of this system is O -10.3 kJ/mol 42.5 kJ/mol O 10.3 kJ/mol -42.5 kJ/molarrow_forwardCellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that takes place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. Which of the following overall equations represents cellular respiration? A. C,H1206 → Pyruvate + 2 ATP В. 6СО2 + 6H20 + energy — С,H1205 + 602 С. С,Н120, + 60, + 6C0, + 6H,0 + ATP D. C,H1206 Е. С,Н120, + 60, — НСО, + 60, + 6ATР 19. 2 alcohol + 2C0, + 2ATP Following the genetic principle of X-linked traits a color-blind man marries a woman with normal vision but is a carrier or color blindness. Using the Punnet square as reference, determine the probability of having a daughter who shares the same genotype as her mother? А. 10% B. 25% C. 50% 20. D. 75% Е. 100%arrow_forwardConsider a liver cell carrying out the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids under aerobic conditions. Then, a very potent and specific inhibitor of the mitochondrial ATP synthase is added, completely inhibiting this enzyme. What will happen to the rate of the citric acid cycle? No change in the rate of the citric acid cycle O Increased due to the demand for reduced electron carriers to power reactions instead of ATP O Increased due to an accumulation of protons in the mitochondrial intermembrane space Reduced due to the accumulation of the products of the cycle that act as feedback inhibitors O Reduced as some enzymes of the cycle share the same active site as ATP synthase and will therefore be inhibitedarrow_forward
- When glucose is used as the starting material for glycolysis there is a net gain of +2 ATP per glucose. When glycogen is used as the starting material for glycolysis there is a net gain of +3 ATP per glucose. Please explain the difference in the net gain of ATP between glucose versus glycogen as the starting material. Enter your answer herearrow_forwardAconitase catalyzes the conversion of Citrate to Isocitrate in the TCA cycle. The standard free energy change (AG°) for this reaction is +6.7 kJ/mol. The observed free energy change (AG) for the reaction in pig heart mitochondria is +0.8 kJ/mol. The ratio of [isocitrate]/[citrate] in these mitochondria is: Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a 10 b. 1 100 0.01 e f 0.33 0.10 h 0.25 i 2arrow_forwardSEQUENCE THE FOLLOWING MAJOR EVENTS IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION USING NUMBERS 1 - 4 - A series of reactions wherein the pyruvic acid is converted from one compound to another releasing CO2, NADH, FADH2, and 2 ATP molecules. - The breakdown of one glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvic acids; 2 ATP molecules are produced and NADH is released to be used in the later stage of cellular respiration. - In this stage, the NADH and FADH2 produced in the previous reactions give up high-energy electrons that are passed from one molecule to another, producing ATP in the process. It is in this stage that most ATP molecules are produced. - Each molecule of pyruvic acid produces one molecule each of CO2 and acetyl CoA and more NADH is produced.arrow_forward
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