Community 1 is formed of species A, B, C, D, and E. Community 2 is formed of species A, C, F, G, H. What is beta diversity, as estimated using the Jaccard index

Identify the dependent and independent variables in the following examples: -The growth of bacterial populations is measured in cold, medium, and high temperatures. -Guinea pigs are kept at different temperatures for 6 weeks. Percent weight gain is recorded. -The diversity of algal species is calculated for a coastal area before and after an oil spill. -Batches of seeds are soaked in salt solutions of different concentrations, and germination is counted for each batch. -An investigator hypothesizes that the adult weight of a dog is higher when it has fewer littermates.

Use the graphs to answer the question below. In eách of the figures, the x-axis represents time, and the y-axis represents population size. The solid line is population size of Species 1; the dashed line is population size of Species 2. ic is В. С. D. Which one of the graphs above illustrates competitive exclusion? O Graph A O Graph B O Graph C Graph D

Chestnut blight is a type of fungus that affects the American chestnut tree. The fungus wiped out a large portion of the trees. What type of density-dependent factor would the fungus be considered?         diseases and parasites         physiological change         predation         competition

Place a species distribution in order from smallest to largest. Group of answer choices Geographic range < Population < Metapopulation Geographic range < Metapopulation < Population Metapopulation < Population < Geographic range Population < Metapopulation < Geographic range

What is the Simpson diversity index for the folllowing area based on the chart  what is the species richness value for the same area?

Species 1 2 3 5. A biologist notices that plants growing in dense thickets of vegetation (uncleared areas) tend to be much smaller than when they are grown in isolation in cleared areas in his garden. As they are a very cool gardener, in addition to being a very cool person in general, they do an experiment and observe the following for five plant species: 4 5 Biomass of the species in uncleared areas (g) 19 14 14 29 50 Biomass of the species in cleared areas (g) 20 34 48 39 51 Explain these results and the concept behind them thoroughly, including in quantitative terms

1. 2.

Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is unexplained loss of entire bee colonies that has been occurring in increased numbers across the world. The cause of the disorder is unknown, although it has been suggested that pesticides may play a role. To study this phenomenon, 300 bee colonies at 20 different sites across the U.S. are analyzed. Colonies are classified as having no CCD symptoms (group 1) or as having CCD symptoms (group 2). Bee pollen is isolated from group 1 and group 2 colonies and analyzed for the presence of pesticides. Significantly higher average pesticide levels being found in group 2 colonies, the conclusion of the study states that increasing pesticides use may be leading to the death of bees and a loss of bee colonies in CCD. Does this study have a control group? If so, what is the control group? If not, why not?