Clear patches in cell cultures that indicate sites of virus infection are called a. plaques. b. pocks.c. colonies d. prions.

Q: Brefiefly summarize how each type of vaccine triggers an immune response (Remeber that the immune…

A: Even stopping one case of COVID-19 can help to reduce the overall number of cases over time by test.…

Q: What is the significance of negative strand synthesis of positive a ssRNA virus?   a. Loss of…

A: Viruses can have DNA or RNA as genetic material. A positive-strand single-stranded RNA virus has the…

Q: Give one reason for the fact that various viruses have different host ranges.

A: In the living world, we see a large number of microorganisms, animals and plants. These organisms…

Q: Which of the following antivirals blocks WBCS surfaces to which HIV should be bounded? a. Maraviroc…

A: The immune system checks the body for infections or problem-causing chemicals and fights any harmful…

Q: For a virus to be able to infect a cell, it must   A. Be able to specifically bind to receptors on…

A: Virus are the infective protineous coat found inside a living organism or in extreme conditiin like…

Q: What determines the specificity of viruses to their host cells? a. surface or outer proteins b. No…

A: A virus is a microscopic infectious agent that can infect living organisms such as animals, plants,…

Q: In general, zoonotic viral diseases are ________ in humans.a. mild and asymptomatic b. self-limited…

A: Zoonotic viral diseases are those that are spread from animals to humans by direct contact like…

Q: 92) The rate of viral mutation a. Is higher in negative single stranded RNA viruses than positive…

A: ANSWER) (d) Is higher in negative single stranded RNA than the single stranded DNA

Q: Which of the following methods can identify different strains of a microbe? a. microscopic…

A: Microscopic examination is used for the identification and enumeration of microorganisms.…

Q: Viral “spikes” are usually involved in    A. Uncoating the virus particle  B. Killing the host cell…

A: The small microscopic organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye are called microorganisms or…

Q: Which of the following most directly causes the symptoms experienced by a person who is infected…

A: The virus enters your body and infects healthy cells. The invader spreads throughout your body by…

Q: Stress can cause a latent virus to enter the lytic cycle, resulting in symptoms for the host. A.…

A: Virus is non - cellular particle which is smaller than the bacteria.  They  act as alive when enter…

Q: For viral pathogenesis, the incubation period

A: It is option a.

Q: Influenza Virus has a    genome and can jump hosts easily because of its genome   A. DNA;…

A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. It doesn’t…

Q: The coronavirus is named for it’s crown or “corona” in Latin which is made of A.jewels…

A: Corona viruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds.In humans…

Q: 12) The first discovered human virus is; a. Foot and mouth disease virus b. Tobacco mosaic virus. c.…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic entity neither classified as living nor dead. A virus may contain RNA or…

Q: Which of the following is true?   A. Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell.   B. Prions…

A: Introduction : Viruses : Viruses Are Microscopic Infectious Organisms That Can Only Multiply Inside…

Q: The varicella-zoster virus that causes chickenpox is classified as a.a. herpes virus b. pox virus c.…

A: Varicella-zoster virus is known to cause two diseases, namely chickenpox (varicella) and shingles…

Q: a. What characteristics of viruses could be used to describe them aslife forms?b. What makes them…

A: A microorganism is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony…

Q: Which of the following is an mRNA vaccine? A. AstraZenica B. Sputnik V C. Janssen D. Covaxin

A: Introduction Vaccines:- It is a biological substance designed to protect humans from infections, it…

Q: Viruses code for their own independent protein synthesis. A. True B. False

A: The mechanism by which cells make proteins is known as protein synthesis. Transcription and…

Q: Other than spreading malaria, anopheles mosquitoes are also vectors of: A. dengue fever B.…

A: Anopheles is a mosquito genus which was first described and named by J. W. Meigen, in the year 1818.…

Q: What are the types of in vitro virus cultivation systems (Choose all that applies)  A. Animal cell…

A: In vitro culture refers to the process of cultivating cells that are derived from the organism in a…

Q: A new test kit is developed for the direction of coronavirus. When it is tested in a group of 115…

A: The goal of any test used for the detection of a disease is to identify the people in a population…

Q: The following viruses can integrate their DNA into the host genome, causing latent infections of…

A: Viruses are submicroscopic organisms that can infect host cells. They’re present inside a protective…

Q: Which receptors of the infl uenza virus are responsible for binding to the host cell? a.…

A: The influenza virus has  negative stranded RNA virus encapsulated by the M1 matrix protein. the…

Q: prophage is a stage in the development of a/ana. bacterial virus. b. poxvirus.c. lytic virusd.…

A: To answer this question we must have knowledge about microbiology.

Q: Ribosomes are the only organelles present in all viruses. a. True b. False

A: Ribosomes are a cellular organelle present inside the cell which are primarily designed for the…

Q: 101) In the case of abortive infection a. The cells are destroyed by the virus b. The virus is in a…

A: Abortive viral infections are defined as cells that have been infected with a virus but did not…

Q: 97) In order for a retrovirus to be infectious a. The p25 protein is cleaved by the protease enzyme…

A: Introduction: Retroviruses are a family of viruses that are grouped together based on how it is…

Q: Give one example of a segmented virus and describe how the structure of the virus influences its…

A: example of a segmented virus is the influenza virus which has 8 or 9 segments of RNA in its genome.…

Q: The virus transmits best in  A.enclosed spaces and sunny weather  b.encolsed spaces and cold/dry…

A: Viruses are infectious particles having a genetic material and are surrounded by a protein capsid.…

Q: FIGURE 4. The human protein known as PCNA [proliferating cell nuclear antigen] interacts with the…

A: The question asked pertains to a recent study on how the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19,…

Q: Delta agent is characterised by: a. Infects patients who are HBcAg positive       b. Is a DNA virus…

A: Hepatitis D virus is also known as Delta agent that causes hepatitis D infection. It is an RNA virus…

Q: What property of the retroviruses enables them to integrate into thehost genome?a. the RNA they…

A: The virus is the micro-organism that does not replicates independently and depends on host cells. It…

Q: Which of the following is common in animal viruses but NOT in bacteriophage? a. DNA b. Capsid…

A: The term bacteriophages means the "bacteria eating virus". They are those viruses that infect and…

Q: 79) Which one of the following is the largest virus in size? a. Pandoravirus b. Mimivirus C.…

A: Viruses are the non cellular organisms which causes dangerous diseases.  Virus cannot multiply…

Q: Viruses CANNOT be cultured a. In laboratory animals  b. in cell culture c. in embroynated eggs…

A: To answer the above question,  we need to keep in mind that while some viruses cannot be cultured in…

Q: explain what the arguments are for keeping or destroying the smallpox virus? Which do you agree with…

A: The debate over what should happen to the smallpox virus has been raging for decades. On one hand,…

Q: Describe a drug therapy that has been used for patients infected with SARS COV2. What does it…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to resist pathogenic organisms that can cause…

Q: The lytic replication cycle results in bacteriophage DNA integrated into the host genome. A. True…

A: A bacteriophage, also called a phage informally, is a virus that infects and replicates within…

Q: After attachment and entry, the next step of viral lifecycle is to…

A: To complete their life cycle, the viruses require a host cell. This is due to the fact that they…

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.