A virus with an envelope is most likely  A. an animal virus  B. better able to hide from the hosts immune system due to the envelope  C. found only in plants  D. A and B

Q: For a virus to be able to infect a cell, it must   A. Be able to specifically bind to receptors on…

A: Virus are the infective protineous coat found inside a living organism or in extreme conditiin like…

Q: The virus that causes COVID 19 has characteristics of both the common cold and the virus that causes…

A: COVID-19 is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2…

Q: The Shingles virus causes infections in adult patients years after they have experienced chicken pox…

A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. It doesn’t…

Q: An example of an emerging virus isa. phage λ.b. HIV that causes AIDS.c. a strain of influenza virus…

A: Virus is a microbe that consists of RNA (Ribo Nucleic Acid) as their genetic material. Most of the…

Q: Antigenic drift refers to: A.The reassortment of genomic segments from different viruses B.Cytotoxic…

A: The immune response or immune reaction is produced by the immune system against the antigen that…

Q: Which statements are accurate regarding properties of viruses? Select allthat apply. a. Viruses are…

A: The virus is microscopic and is even smaller than bacteria. They have their genetic material…

Q: While H5N2 is of great concern economically, it is not considered animminent threat to human health.…

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside the host cells. They can infect all…

Q: Clear patches in cell cultures that indicate sites of virus infection are called a. plaques. b.…

A: Viruses are those microorganisms and they can live inside the host cells or other living things.…

Q: What are the types of in vitro virus cultivation systems (Choose all that applies)  A. Animal cell…

A: In vitro culture refers to the process of cultivating cells that are derived from the organism in a…

Q: Comparing the number of infections, people catch cold so much more often than flu .Why haven’t we…

A: Vaccination is the artificial way of injecting the pathogen either dead or alive so as to prevent…

Q: Symptoms of viral infections are caused by: (choose all that apply) A. Actions of the virus that…

A: Viruses are unicellular organisms with genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, encased in a protein…

Q: a cytokint storm is an overproduction of immune cells and their activating compounds- cytokines can…

A: Cytokine storm or hypercytokinemia is the physiological response of an animal's innate immunity…

Q: Antigenic shifts in influenza viruses are represented by dra-matic changes in the viral antigens. It…

A: Influenza virus comprised of segmented nucleic acid, nucleocapsid protein, matrix, matrix protein,…

Q: An emerging virus isa. a virus that has arisen recently and is more likely to cause infectionthan…

A: The correct option is D. (all of the above)

Q: The flu virus in flu vaccines is a dead virus. The term to describe the virus in this situation is…

A: Correct answer is B

Q: Sometimes Ab interferes with the attachment site on virions so they can't attach to a host cell.…

A: Antibody responses are important for avoiding many viral infections and may also contribute to the…

Q: Find the wrong information about virus attachment and absorption to host cell. A. The surface…

A: Viruses are simple, noncellular entities consisting of one or more molecules of either DNA or RNA…

Q: Read the article and then answers the following question.3. Why is it difficult to create a vaccine…

A: AIDS is a acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome caused by HIV virus and to make a vaccine against a…

Q: End point dilution is the viral dilution point where the amount of virus would be lethal to  a. only…

A: Before the plaque test, the end-point dilution assay was utilized to determine the viral titer.

Q: How does soap kill coronavirus?  B. Why virus can not be washed off with water along?  C. Why soap…

A: Coronavirus can be prevented by practicing good hand hygiene. The best technique to eliminate…

Q: How are viruses different from bacteria?  a. Viruses lack enzymes for protein synthesis b. Viruses…

A: Viruses are small infectious particles and contain only nucleic acid and a protein coat. The…

Q: The envelope of an animal virus is derived from the of its host cell.   Select one: A.  Cell wall…

A: Viruses are considered acellular but they are able to replicate inside the host cell. They do not…

Q: People with the CCR5Δ32 mutation of a T-cell surface protein can be exposed to some strains of HIV-1…

A: T-cells are the cells of immune system which are affected by the HIV-1 virus. CCR5Δ32 mutation is a…

Q: Viruses are not considered living because they a. are not made of cells b. lack cell nuclei c. do…

A: Viruses are an example of a sophisticated protein, nucleic acid, lipid, and carbohydrate assemblage.…

Q: A positive-strand RNA virus: a. must first be converted to a mRNA before viralproteins can be…

A: A positive -strand RNA virus can directly translate viral proteins. A  virus is a submicroscopic…

Q: The Size of Viruses varies from:   a. 1-100 nm b. 25-300 nm c. 100-1000 nm d. None of the above

A: A virus is an infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)…

Q: The envelope of an animal virus is derived from the of itshost cell.a. cell wall b. membrane c.…

A: Viruses are small  infectious agents that can replicate only inside a living cell. They infect both…

Q: HIV can only infect T-helper cells because their protein spikes only recognize those cells. This is…

A: HIV is a virus which causes AIDS. The HIV virus attacks helper T cells which is also called CD4 T…

Q: dsDNA viruses can have more genetic material than SSRNA viruses because: a. RNA catalyzes its own…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a hereditary molecule that passes genetic information from one…

Q: There have been recent outbreaks of dog flu in the US. Why doesn't this virus infect humans? A)…

A: Dog flu virus (canine influenza) has Equine and Avian origin. This means it has been derived from…

Q: Viruses are not considered living because they ________. a. are not made of cells b. lack cell…

A: Virus are proteinaceous infectious agents that is capable of replication only inside a living cell.…

Q: Identify the statement that does not provide accurate evidence as to why HIV is so lethal.   a.…

A: HIV is a disease which is cause by RNA virus. It's a specifically a disease of immune system.

Q: A virus needs a ______ cell in order to reproduce. A. Large B. Host C. Weak D. Dead

A: Viruses are microorganisms who possess DNA or RNA as their genetic material. They gain entry to…

Q: Which of the following is NOT used to treat active viral disease? a. Vaccines b. Antiviral drugs c.…

A: Viruses cause a variety of diseases in humans. Many of these diseases can be prevented by the use of…

Q: Enveloped viruses carry surface receptors calleda. buds b. spikes c. fibers d. sheaths

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside host cells. They can infect all types…

Q: Emerging viruses arise by(A) mutation of existing viruses.(B) the spread of existing viruses to new…

A: Viruses are the pathogenic agents that cause several diseases in humans as well as in animals and in…

Q: Prions (a) consist of RNA with no protein coat (b) are misfolded proteins (c) cause several…

A: A prion is described as a type of protein that has the ability to trigger the normal proteins that…

Q: Within a few weeks of treatment for herpes virus with the drug isonazide, a patient's herpes virus…

A: Herpes simplex virus is divided into two types as: herpes simplex virus-1 and herpes simplex…

Q: a. Only works in the cytoplasm b. Can produce the provirus. c. Can be synthesized in the cytoplasm…

A: Retroviral integrase is a retrovirus-produced enzyme that integrates—that is, makes covalent…

Q: Which of the following statement is true? A. Scientists believe the world is due for an epidemic of…

A: AN EPIDEMIC may be a disease that affects an outsized number of individuals within a community,…

Q: An enveloped virus has a __________ time hiding from the host human immune system and is _________…

A: The viruses are sub-cellular organisms. They are obligate parasites i.e. they use the host machinery…

Q: The envelope of enveloped -viruses : a. Determines the viral morphology b. Both choices are false c…

A: Envelope is the outermost layer of the viruses made up of phospholipids derived from the host cells…

Q: Which of the following statements is true? O a. To cause disease, a virus should be able to enter…

A: Viruses are thought to be a connecting link between living Kingdom and nonliving world. They don't…

Q: To cause a human pandemic, the H5N1 avian flu virus wouldhave to(A) spread to primates such as…

A: Avian flu virus is the influenza virus that causes infections in humans. The acute respiratory…

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.