Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules are found on all of the following types of cells EXCEPI O dendritic cells O macrophages O B cells O red blood cells

Macrophages typically present antigens to T cells. However, macrophages that reside in the subcapsular sinus are able to present antigens to B cells. What enables them to do this? endocytosis CR1 and CR2 expression phagocytosis ingestion and degradation of the antigens OOOO

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) infects T-helper cells that have the CD4 receptor on their surface: gp120 CD4 receptor -CXCR4 coreceptor RNA- Revorse transcriptase enzyme Core with - protein coat Capsomeres of protein coat Envelope T cll DNA (a) Structure of HIV (b) HIV infecting a T cell with CD4 receptors, and CXCR4 coreceptors which are distributed over the surface of the cell Copyright e 2001 Benjamin Cummings, an imprint of Addison Wesloy Longman, Inc. A. As shown in the above diagram, HIV attaches to a susceptible cell by a binding interaction between the gp120 protein on the virus protein and the CD4 and CXCR4 receptors on the surface of the T-helper cell. What will be the next event in the virus life cycle? B. One mechanism for transmission of HIV is direct contact during sexual activity. What is the other common mechanism of transmission?

The small fragments of some complement proteins initiate a local inflammatory response.  Recent studies using mouse models of pulmonary inflammation (a model for human asthma) have found that mice deficient in the C3a receptor have greatly reduced disease symptoms when challenged with inhaled preparations containing extracts of the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Specifically, the C3a receptor-deficient mice showed reduced influx of granulocytes and lymphocytes into the lung and reduced fluid in the lung after challenge. What is the explanation for these findings?

The mechanism of cross-presentation by dendritic cells is an essential pathway for generating CD8 T cell responses to some intracellular pathogens. If this pathway did not exist, we would be highly susceptible to: Intracellular pathogens that can survive inside macrophage endocytic vesicles Intracellular pathogens that are able to evade antibody responses Intracellular pathogens that do not infect and replicate in dendritic cells Intracellular pathogens that can spread from cell to cell by inducing cell fusion Intracellular pathogens that infect and replicate in red blood cells

Which of the following is a protein involved with the innate immune response? eosinophil Immunoglobulin M fibrin lysozyme

Multiple Sclerosis is a disorder in which there is autoimmune-activity to myelin in the central nervous system.  This means increased immune reactivity to Multiple Sclerosis is a disorder in which there is autoimmune-activity to myelin in the central nervous system.  This means increased immune reactivity to -oligodendrocytes -Schwann cells -microglia -astrocytes

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency LAD is an inherited disease which results in the inability of neutrophils to recognize complement bound microorganisms, What is complement and why is it important, and what are the most likely consequences of LAD?

T cells in the thymus are determined to be T helper cells or T killer cells while undergoing maturation in the Choose from the folloiwng: (A) cortex of the thymus (B) medulla of the thymus

Where do you find Major Histocompatibility Complex class I molecules? Group of answer choices on the surface of nucleated body cells on the surface of leukocytes