Certain toxins disrupt normal cell activity by blockingacetylcholine binding sites. Which of the following explainsthis type of interaction: specificity, competition, or saturation? Explain your answer.

describe in detail:how the Dopamine transporter (DAT)transporter works whether it is an active or passive transportera specific type of cell that it can be found in and why it is important in this cell typeconsequences for body function when this transporter type fails (due to a mutation that makes it non-functional)

It is important for the cell to be able to terminate responses, and diminish responsiveness to prevent overstimulation.  Cells have different mechanisms for this. One such mechanism is receptor down regulation. a.) Down regulation describes a decrease in the availability of hormones or neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on the surface of target cells, making the cells less likely to be stimulated.   b.) Down regulation describes glycosylation of receptor proteins receptors on the surface of target cells in order to decrease the selectivity of ligand binding, making the cells less sensitive to a hormone or neurotransmitter.   c.) Down regulation describes a decrease in the number of receptors on the surface of target cells, making the cells less sensitive to a hormone or neurotransmitter.

The adaptive response to DNA damage is to increase levels of the polar signaling molecule, _____, which is a produced by cleaving the precursor _____.   The signaling molecule interacts with _____, which is a membrane bound receptor.  The membrane receptor triggers the production of secondary messenger cAMP.  The outcome is increased synthesis of protective pigments. a) β-endorphin; pheomelanin; α-MSH; b) α-MSH; POMC; MC1R c) POMC; α-MSH; melanosome d) MC1R; folate; melanosome

In paralytic shellfish poisoning, the dinoflagellates involved produce a type of neurotoxin.  What does the neurotoxin do to action potentials?