Certain bacteria and archaea, such as methanogens, and deep-sea vent bacteria uses inorganic chemicals and makes organic compounds using CO2. These are called -----------------.  a) Chemoautotroph b) organotrophs c) inorganothrophs d) lithotrophs e) phototrophs

Explain what the following bacteria do: i) nitrogen-fixing bacteria; ii) ammonifying bacteria ; iii) nitrifying bacteria.

34- What is the function of the cytoplasmic streaming in a cell? a) Cellular respiration b) Cellular communication c) Cell division d) Movement of organelles and nutrients within the cell 35- Which organelle is responsible for regulating the levels of calcium ions in a cell? a) Nucleus b) Golgi apparatus c) Endoplasmic reticulum d) Mitochondria 36- What is the function of the peroxisome in a cell? a) Synthesis of lipids b) Detoxification of harmful substances c) Protein synthesis d) Storage of genetic information ۷۵ / ۱۳ 37- Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of RNA molecules? a) Nucleus b) Ribosome c) Golgi apparatus d) Vacuole 38- What is the function of the cytoplasmic vesicles in a cell? a) Energy production b) Transport of molecules within the cell c) Intracellular digestion d) Synthesis of proteins

14) A streptobacillus shaped bacteria have the following shape/sructure: a) long chain of capsule/rodshaped cells b) long chain of spherical-shaped cells c) a single spherical-shaped cell d) a single capsule/rod-shaped cell e) none of the above.15) If you are a passenger on the “Magic School Bus” and you want to “explore” the cytoplasmic component of a Gram -ve bacteria, you will have to go through: a) two membranes separated by periplasm and thick peptidoglycan region b) two membranes separated by periplasm and thin peptidoglycan region c) A glycocalyx and a membrane separated by a thin peptidoglycan region d) a thin peptidoglycan region & one membrane e) a thick peptidoglycan region & one membrane 16) If you are a passenger on the “Magic School Bus” and you want to “explore” the cytoplasmic component of a Gram +ve bacteria, you will have to go through: a) two membranes separated by periplasm and thick peptidoglycan region b) two membranes separated by periplasm and thin…

15- Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell due to its role in producing energy? a) Nucleus b) Lysosome c) Vacuole d) Mitochondria 16- What is the function of ribosomes in a cell? a) Storage of genetic information b) Synthesis of proteins c) Breakdown of waste materials. d) Synthesis of lipids 17- Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus in a cell? a) Storage of genetic information b) Control of cell activities c) Synthesis of proteins d) Reproduction of the cell 18- Which organelle is responsible for packaging and sorting proteins for transport within the cell or secretion outside the cell? a) Endoplasmic reticulum b) Nucleus c) Golgi apparatus d) Vacuole 19- What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell? a) Cellular respiration b) Cellular communication c) Cell division. d) Structural support and cell movement

For which of the following apply: the extracellular space is eliminated here near the surface between two cells. A) Zonula adherens B)Zonula  occluded C) Desmosome D) Gap junction E) Hemidesmosome

What cell types would be able to grow on the ECM in the following situations? F- , Hfr , Mix   a) Streptomycin was not added to the ECM.   b) The ECM contains thiamine.   c) The ECM contains all 20 amino acids and all 5 nitrogenous nucleic acid bases

5- The function of carbohydrates in the cell membrane is primarily: a) Providing structural integrity b) Assisting in the diffusion of water-soluble substances c) Serving as receptor sites for hormones d) Forming glycoproteins 6- Which of the following cellular structures is responsible for producing energy? a) Nucleus b) Golgi apparatus c) Mitochondria d) Endoplasmic reticulum 7- The region within the cell that surrounds the nucleus is called: a) Cell membrane b) Cytoplasm c) Golgi apparatus d) Endoplasmic reticulum. 8- Which of the following cellular structures is responsible for storing genetic information? a) Nucleus b) Ribosome c) Lysosome d) Vacuole 9- The organelle that is responsible for protein synthesis in a cell is: a) Nucleus b) Mitochondrial c) Ribosome d) Golgi apparatus

What cell phases do the alkylating agents work on?a)S phaseb) G0c) G1d) G2e) M phase

44- Which organelle is responsible for the storage, modification, and packaging of proteins for secretion? a) Nucleus b) Ribosome c) Lysosome d) Golgi apparatus 45- Which organelle is responsible for the production of enzymes involved in cellular respiration? a) Nucleus b) Mitochondria c) Chloroplast d) Vacuole 46-What is the function of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells? a) Storage of genetic information b) Synthesis of lipids c) Protein synthesis d) Regulation of water balance 47- Which organelle is responsible for the formation of spindle fibers during cell division? a) Nucleus b) Centriole c) Golgi apparatus d) Endoplasmic reticulum 48- What is the function of the contractile vacuole in certain single -celled organisms? a) Energy production b) Intracellular digestion c) Regulation of water balance d) Synthesis of proteins