Cause-and-Effect Analysis: Given the conditions below, describe the effect on the staining procedure and explain briefly: 1. Excessive heat was applied during fixation 2. Low concentration of crystal violet used during gram staining 3. Excessive washing between steps 4. Insufficient decolorization 5. Excessive counterstaining

Solve the identity of an unknown bacterial specimen by creating a dichotomous key.   Categories: Gram stain, Mannitol salt agar,MacConkey agar, Catalase, Oxidase, Casein hydrolysis, Nitrate reduction, Citrate test, Urease test, Sim Medium Streptoccocus ID: 1) Bile Esculin Test 2) Bacitracin Test  3) Blood Agar Plate NaCl Broth Staphylococcus ID: 1) Mannitol Salt Agar 2) DNA Hydrolysis 3) Coagulase Test 4) Novobiocin Test    Possible Organisms Alcaligenes faecalis Enterobacter aerogenes Enterococcus faecalis Escherichia coli Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella arizoniae Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus saprophyticus Streptococcusbovis Streptococcus pyogenes

Sample Station 7 A. If a student performs a Gram stain on a Gram negative bacterium and stops the stain technique after the iodine step and rinse, what color would you predict the cells to be if you looked at it right now under the microscope?

For laboratory exercise of Antibiotic susceptibility test in disk-diffusion method. What does an ‘I’ result mean in disk diffusion susceptibility test?