Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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- The interface formed between two hydrophobic molecules in the context of the aqueous environment of the cell cytoplasm is formed mostly through: A. Hydrogen bonds B. Covalent bonds C. Van der Waals interactions D. Ionic bonds E. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhy can't ions like sodium (Na+) or potassium (K+) diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer? A. Ions can only use active transport to move through the membrane B. Ions are hydrophobic and are repelled by the polar membrane C. Ions are polar and are repelled by the nonpolar part of the membrane D. Ions need to become stable before entering the cellarrow_forwardThere is a 2M concentration of molecule X inside the cell, whereas there is a 0.4M concentration of molecule X outside the cell. The cell is ______ to the solution a. Hypotonic b. Hypertonic c. Isotonic d. Who knows!arrow_forward
- Consider the following diagram of the cell membrane. Which of the statements is NOT true regarding the cell membrane? Group of answer choices a. Proteins and carbohydrates are also components of the cell membrane. b. Certain phospholipids and proteins on the outer surface of the cell membrane are attached to carbohydrates. c. Some carbohydrates extend through the entire lipid bilayer and appear on both surfaces of the membrane d. Some of the proteins embedded in the cell membrane constitute channels (passage canals).arrow_forwardCompound Sodium Lactate is isotonic solution. this mean that it a. reduces movement of sodium across the membrane b.prevent movement of water across the semi permerable cell membrane c. promotes movement of water out of the cell d. facilitates equal movement of water across the semi permerable cell membranearrow_forwardIf you place phospholipids in an oil-based solution, would they still self-assemble into a bilayer? If so, describe its structure.arrow_forward
- Lipid bilayers form spontaneously in a process driven by the hydrophobic effect. Explain how the hydrophobic effect drives bilayer formation from individual lipids in an aqueous environment. Describe how the physical properties of the lipid bilayer are determined by the chemical properties of the membrane lipid components. Diagrams are encouraged for both parts of the question.arrow_forwardFor biological membranes, which of the following statement is NOT true? A. The phospholipid bilayer is a fluid matrix. B. Protein can be anchored to the membrane by covalently linked lipid chains. C. Proteins can move laterally across the membrane. D. For organisms living in cold temperature, their cell membranes contain more triacylglycerols. E. Transverse motion of lipid molecules can occur occasionally. Enzyme lowers when... A. The energy difference between the substrate and the transition state B. The energy difference between the product and the transition state C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor Barrow_forwardWhich of the following compounds can diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane? Select all that apply. A. Large polar molecules B. Gases and hydrophobic molecules C. Ions D. Small polar molecules like waterarrow_forward
- 3) For each case given below, describe how the fluidity of membranes will change (increase or decrease) and why this change will happen. A. Increasing the number of double bonds (unsaturation) of the fatty acids in the phospholipids. B. Increasing the length of the fatty acid chains. C. Increasing the cholesterol content of the membrane D. Increasing temperaturearrow_forwardA biochemist grinds up a sample of plant roots, fungal mycorrhizae, and soil-dwelling arthropods. They then extract a mix of several polymeric molecules. Of the polymers found within the sample, which of the following molecules is least likely to be used as a component of a cell wall? Group of answer choices A. Chitin B. Glucan C. Starch D. Cellulosearrow_forwardIn the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule: Group of answer choices a.faces the exterior of the cell. b.faces the interior of the cell. c. is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer. d. both A and B.arrow_forward
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