Calculate the surface temperature of Pluto and Charon at perihelion, assuming both bodies are rapid rotators and in equilibrium with the solar radiation field. b. Calculate the escape velocity from Pluto and Charon, and compare these numbers with the velocity of N2, CH4, and H2O molecules. c. Given your answers in (a) and (b), explain qualitatively the differences in surface ice coverage for Pluto and Charon.

4) Science fiction movies often portray asteroid belts as crowded, dense regions that require spaceships to maneuver quickly to get through them. In this problem, we will calculate the fraction of volume in an asteroid belt that is actually occupied by asteroids. a) If there are 300,000 large asteroids between 2 and 3 AU from the Sun, and each asteroid is assumed to be spherical with a radius of 100 km, determine the total volume occupied by asteroids in this region. Recall that the volume of a sphere is given by the equation V = 4TR³ /3. b) Let's assume the region in which these asteroids orbit is an annulus with an inner radius of 2 AU, an outer radius of 3 AU, and a thickness of 2Ro. Determine the volume of this region. Recall that the area of a circle is given by the equation A = TR². Here are two conversions that you'll need: 1 AU = 1.496 × 108 km and 1 Ro = 6.955 × 105 km. c) What is the ratio of the volume occupied by asteroids to the volume of the asteroid belt (i.e., the…

8) Suppose astrophysicists discover an carth-size exoplanet within a habitable zone. Unfortu- nately, the planet lacks a magnetic field. Can you think of a solution to crcate a noeded magnetic field? How feasible is your solution? (include calculations and numeric values if possible).

A planet has been discovered orbiting a K type main sequence star.  A spectrum taken of this planet shows a blackbody shape to the spectrum that peaks at a wavelength of 8.67x10-5 cm.    a) Find the temperature of this planet. Hint: Always make sure your units match!!!!   b) Describe the prospects for life as we know it on this planet.  Note that water remains in a liquid state between temperatures of 273 K and 373 K.

#16

I need help with greenhouse gas and number 2

Infrared observations indicate that Saturn gives off 2.8 times the energy it receives from the Sun for a total internal power loss of 2 x 1017 W. Assume that gravitational contraction releases this thermal energy. How much must Saturn shrink per year to account for this output?

2. The destructive "Tunguska Event" of 1908 seems to have been due to     an airburst by a modest-sized asteroid     a direct impact on land by a large asteroid     an ocean impact by a comet     a nearby supernova explosion Astronomers have determined that the probability of a significant asteroid impact on Earth during your lifetime is about the same as the probabilty that you'll win the lottery.  True  False

What is the escape velocity from the surface of Callisto if its mass is 1.1 x 1023 kg and its radius is 2.4 × 10° km? ( Hint: Use the formula for escape 2GM velocity, V. = V r X km/s

The planet Uranus was discovered in 1781, and Neptune, the next planet outward from the Sun, was discovered in 1846. Imagine you're an astronomer in 1846, and you start wondering if there's another planet out beyond Neptune. You decide to try and discover its existence using the same method that was used for Neptune. How will you do this? Group of answer choices You'll recruit a large number of astronomers to use their telescopes to carefully scan the sky in directions that are far from the ecliptic. The regions around the north and south celestial poles will probably be the best "hunting grounds" for the new planet. You'll examine Uranus and Neptune very carefully, on every clear night, for several years, to see if you can find any evidence that sunlight has been reflected off of the `new' planet, then off of Uranus or Neptune, before arriving on Earth. On rare occasions when Neptune passes in front of the Sun, as seen from Earth, you'll look carefully at the Sun (with a safe…