Re-order the numbers so the events occur in the correct order, with the oldest event as number 2, and the youngest event as number 13. 2. Now at roughly 100% of present-day mass and the asteroid bombardment over, Earth begins cooling and differentiating. As the outer layer of the Earth cools and solidifies, lighter elements and compounds rise to the surface while the denser ones sink to the core 3. The now differentiated ice, gas, and dust of the solar accretion disc conglomerates together into asteroids from gravity 4. "The Big Whack" A Mars-sized protoplanet we call Theia collides with primitive Earth, adding even more energy and mass 5. The Big Bang 6. As the early atmosphere cools, water vapor is eventually cool enough to condense into liquid water, eventually covering the planet in an ocean 7. The debris from the collision of Earth and Theia produce a ring in orbit. This ring eventually coalesces into the Moon, just as Earth coalesced from the solar accretion disc 8. A nebula collapses from the force of gravity. Our Sun is born with a rotating accretion disc made from the remainder of the nebula surrounding it] 9. Asteroids continue colliding into each other, eventually forming large protoplanets. The inner protoplanets, one of which being Earth, are liquid from the immense heat of all the collisions and internal movement 10. As differentiation continues, the lightest elements and compounds outgas in a series of eruptions. These gasses form our early atmosphere 11. Formation of the Milky Way Galaxy from coalescing of early stars and interstellar gas and dust 12. Solar wind, being highly charged material ejected from the sun, pushes lighter elements in the solar accretion disc, such as Hydrogen and Helium, to the outer reaches of the Solar System. Heavier elements such as Iron, Nickel, and Silicon remain close to the Sun 13. Stars made of only Hydrogen and Helium burn out and die in Novae and Supernovae, producing nebulae rich in heavier elements in the process. This cycle repeats several times

4) Science fiction movies often portray asteroid belts as crowded, dense regions that require spaceships to maneuver quickly to get through them. In this problem, we will calculate the fraction of volume in an asteroid belt that is actually occupied by asteroids. a) If there are 300,000 large asteroids between 2 and 3 AU from the Sun, and each asteroid is assumed to be spherical with a radius of 100 km, determine the total volume occupied by asteroids in this region. Recall that the volume of a sphere is given by the equation V = 4TR³ /3. b) Let's assume the region in which these asteroids orbit is an annulus with an inner radius of 2 AU, an outer radius of 3 AU, and a thickness of 2Ro. Determine the volume of this region. Recall that the area of a circle is given by the equation A = TR². Here are two conversions that you'll need: 1 AU = 1.496 × 108 km and 1 Ro = 6.955 × 105 km. c) What is the ratio of the volume occupied by asteroids to the volume of the asteroid belt (i.e., the…

Why is the composition of a comet typically dominated by volatile materials (frozen ices)? choose one of the following: a. rock and metal could not condense out of the solar nebula at extreme distances from the sun b. most of the metal in the solar system is locked up inside the terrestrial planets c. metals are not stable in the outer solar system d. elements that form ices (as opposed to rock & metals) are more abundant in our solar system

If the velocity of the Solar Wind about 4.0 x 10^2 km/s and the visible tail of a comet of 9.0 x 10^8 km long, how many days does an atom in the solar wind take to travel from the nucleus to the end of the visible tail? (note: 1 day= 86,400 sec) _______ days