Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134746241
Author: Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher: PEARSON
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### Understanding Earth's Energy Budget In this section, we will analyze a key figure to understand Earth's current energy budget, as presented in Lecture 3.2. This figure will help in understanding the balance of incoming and outgoing energy on Earth. #### Key Figure Breakdown The figure illustrates the flow of energy in and out of Earth’s system, measured in Watts per square meter (Wm<sup>-2</sup>). Several components, including solar and thermal energies, are mapped out to show how energy is absorbed, reflected, and emitted by the Earth's atmosphere and surface. #### Main Components 1. **Incoming Solar Radiation (TOA)**: - **Value**: 340 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: This represents the solar energy arriving at the top of the atmosphere. 2. **Solar Energy Reflected (TOA)**: - **Value**: 100 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: This is the portion of solar energy reflected back into space by clouds and atmospheric particles. 3. **Thermal Outgoing Energy (TOA)**: - **Value**: 239 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: This represents the thermal radiation emitted by Earth back to space. 4. **Solar Absorption by the Atmosphere**: - **Value**: 79 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: Energy absorbed by atmospheric gases and particles. 5. **Solar Energy Down to the Surface**: - **Value**: 185 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: The solar energy that reaches Earth's surface. 6. **Solar Absorption by the Surface**: - **Value**: 161 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: Solar energy absorbed by Earth's land and ocean surfaces. 7. **Solar Reflected by Surface**: - **Value**: 24 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: Energy reflected by Earth’s surface back into the atmosphere. 8. **Evaporation**: - **Value**: Not provided directly - Explanation: The process by which liquid water from Earth's surface is transformed into water vapor and transferred to the atmosphere. 9. **Latent Heat**: - **Value**: 84 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: Heat released or absorbed during
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Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding Earth's Energy Budget In this section, we will analyze a key figure to understand Earth's current energy budget, as presented in Lecture 3.2. This figure will help in understanding the balance of incoming and outgoing energy on Earth. #### Key Figure Breakdown The figure illustrates the flow of energy in and out of Earth’s system, measured in Watts per square meter (Wm<sup>-2</sup>). Several components, including solar and thermal energies, are mapped out to show how energy is absorbed, reflected, and emitted by the Earth's atmosphere and surface. #### Main Components 1. **Incoming Solar Radiation (TOA)**: - **Value**: 340 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: This represents the solar energy arriving at the top of the atmosphere. 2. **Solar Energy Reflected (TOA)**: - **Value**: 100 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: This is the portion of solar energy reflected back into space by clouds and atmospheric particles. 3. **Thermal Outgoing Energy (TOA)**: - **Value**: 239 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: This represents the thermal radiation emitted by Earth back to space. 4. **Solar Absorption by the Atmosphere**: - **Value**: 79 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: Energy absorbed by atmospheric gases and particles. 5. **Solar Energy Down to the Surface**: - **Value**: 185 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: The solar energy that reaches Earth's surface. 6. **Solar Absorption by the Surface**: - **Value**: 161 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: Solar energy absorbed by Earth's land and ocean surfaces. 7. **Solar Reflected by Surface**: - **Value**: 24 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: Energy reflected by Earth’s surface back into the atmosphere. 8. **Evaporation**: - **Value**: Not provided directly - Explanation: The process by which liquid water from Earth's surface is transformed into water vapor and transferred to the atmosphere. 9. **Latent Heat**: - **Value**: 84 Wm<sup>-2</sup> - Explanation: Heat released or absorbed during
**Calculate the planetary albedo** (round to three digits after the decimal, for example, 0.873). [Input Box]
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Transcribed Image Text:**Calculate the planetary albedo** (round to three digits after the decimal, for example, 0.873). [Input Box]
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