Briefly describe the series of events that led to the bee kill. Did the pesticide applicators follow the law? If so, why did the bees die? If not, what did they do wrong and how did it kill bees? Massive Bee Kill UpdatePosted on June 22, 2013 by jinealYesterday, I posted about a massive bumblebee kill in Wilsonville, Oregon. At least 25,000bumblebees were killed. The Oregon, Department of Agriculture (ODA) has tested beesand trees at the site and confirmed that bee deaths are directly due to exposure to theinsecticide Dinetofuran. The trees had recently been treated to control aphids.ODA and the Xerces Society (which advocates for protection of endangered species) arecollaborating to cover the trees with netting to exclude bees. Hopefully, the netting willwork like a bee veil for the trees. However, much of the damage is already done and manyof the bumblebees in the immediate vicinity are dead.This massive bee kill is dueto human negligence. Bees(including bumblebees) arepollen feeders. Bee foragerscollect pollen from plants(including trees) and storeit in their nest. The pollenis mixed with nectar tomake “bee bread", anutritious food that thebees feed to their brood. Itis well known that sprayingtrees that are in bloom willcontaminate the pollenPhoto: inealwith insecticide that canBumble bee hovers near bee balmkill bees. It is illegal tospray insecticides that aretoxic to bees on trees thatare in bloom. The Supplemental Label for Dinetofuran (Safari 20SG, For use onOrnamental Plants and Forests) clearly states, “For trees in forests that are pollinated bybees or other invertebrates, make applications post-bloom." This rule has been violated.How toxic is Dinetofuran to bees? Toxicity is reported as LD50, the dose of insecticide thatwill kill 50 percent of the bees tested. The EPA categorizes any insecticide with an LD50 ofless than 2 ug per bee to be “highly toxic". A ug is one millionth of a gram, smaller thaneven a tiny drop of water. Carbaryl, an insecticide feared by beekeepers as a killer of beeshas a toxicity of 140 ng per bee or 140 billionths of a gram. Isawa and colleagues*measured bee toxicity of Dinotefuran at 75 ng per bee. Dinotefuran will kill 50 percent ofthe bees at less than half the amount as carbaryl; Dinotefuran is twice as toxic to bees.Independent measurements have found even greater toxicity for Dinotefuran. Dinotefuranis so toxic to bees that a bare whiff is lethal.At issue for Dinotefuran and other insecticides of the neonicotinoid class is that their lowtoxicity to humans and low impact on vertebrates encourages their widespread use.However, the extreme toxicity to bees makes them unsuitable for use in a variety ofsituations. It is critical that those who are licensed to use pesticides follow the letter of thelaw and comply with all the rules. When the rules for use are ignored, bad outcomes (suchas massive bee kills) can occur. If products cannot be used in a manner that protects theenvironment, additional restrictions on their use will follow. Many neonicotinoidinsecticides are available for use by homeowners who may not read the instructions, fail tounderstand their implementation, or otherwise fail to follow direction. The word needs tohit the streets that all neonicotinoids are highly toxic to bees and should not be appliedwhen and where bees are pollinating flowers. Massive Bee KillPosted on June 21, 2013 by jjneal25,000 – 30,000 bumblebees are dead in the parking lot outside a Target store inWilsonville, southwest of Portland, Oregon. Conservation biologists are investigating thecause. The preliminary suspects are pesticides or toxic pollen. The species of tree is notnative to the United States and some pollens can be toxic to bees. However, massive beekills have not been noted in the past and the pollen has probably not changed.Trees in parking lots are sometimes treated for aphids and other phloem feeding insectsthat drop sticky honeydew on parked cars. In this instance, the trees were treated with theneonicotinoid insecticide, Dinotefuran a few days prior to onset of the bee kill.The neonicotinoidinsecticides are at thecenter of a controversyover bee kills. The toxicityto bees is orders ofmagnitude greater thansome of the notablepesticides (such ascarbamate insecticides)responsible for bee kills inthe last century.Dinotefuran and otherneonicotinoids arePhoto: jnealrelatively safe for humansbecause they areBumblebee Pollinating a Flowerselectively toxic to insects.However, beneficialpollinators such as bumblebees are also insects and can be killed along with the targetedpests. In orchards, growers are not allowed to spray most insecticides during the periodwhen trees are flowering. The same rules should apply to flowering trees.

Question

Briefly describe the series of events that led to the bee kill. Did the pesticide applicators follow the law? If so, why did the bees die? If not, what did they do wrong and how did it kill bees? Massive Bee Kill UpdatePosted on June 22, 2013 by jinealYesterday, I posted about a massive bumblebee kill in Wilsonville, Oregon. At least 25,000bumblebees were killed. The Oregon, Department of Agriculture (ODA) has tested beesand trees at the site and confirmed that bee deaths are directly due to exposure to theinsecticide Dinetofuran. The trees had recently been treated to control aphids.ODA and the Xerces Society (which advocates for protection of endangered species) arecollaborating to cover the trees with netting to exclude bees. Hopefully, the netting willwork like a bee veil for the trees. However, much of the damage is already done and manyof the bumblebees in the immediate vicinity are dead.This massive bee kill is dueto human negligence. Bees(including bumblebees) arepollen feeders. Bee foragerscollect pollen from plants(including trees) and storeit in their nest. The pollenis mixed with nectar tomake “bee bread&#34;, anutritious food that thebees feed to their brood. Itis well known that sprayingtrees that are in bloom willcontaminate the pollenPhoto: inealwith insecticide that canBumble bee hovers near bee balmkill bees. It is illegal tospray insecticides that aretoxic to bees on trees thatare in bloom. The Supplemental Label for Dinetofuran (Safari 20SG, For use onOrnamental Plants and Forests) clearly states, “For trees in forests that are pollinated bybees or other invertebrates, make applications post-bloom.&#34; This rule has been violated.How toxic is Dinetofuran to bees? Toxicity is reported as LD50, the dose of insecticide thatwill kill 50 percent of the bees tested. The EPA categorizes any insecticide with an LD50 ofless than 2 ug per bee to be “highly toxic&#34;. A ug is one millionth of a gram, smaller thaneven a tiny drop of water. Carbaryl, an insecticide feared by beekeepers as a killer of beeshas a toxicity of 140 ng per bee or 140 billionths of a gram. Isawa and colleagues*measured bee toxicity of Dinotefuran at 75 ng per bee. Dinotefuran will kill 50 percent ofthe bees at less than half the amount as carbaryl; Dinotefuran is twice as toxic to bees.Independent measurements have found even greater toxicity for Dinotefuran. Dinotefuranis so toxic to bees that a bare whiff is lethal.At issue for Dinotefuran and other insecticides of the neonicotinoid class is that their lowtoxicity to humans and low impact on vertebrates encourages their widespread use.However, the extreme toxicity to bees makes them unsuitable for use in a variety ofsituations. It is critical that those who are licensed to use pesticides follow the letter of thelaw and comply with all the rules. When the rules for use are ignored, bad outcomes (suchas massive bee kills) can occur. If products cannot be used in a manner that protects theenvironment, additional restrictions on their use will follow. Many neonicotinoidinsecticides are available for use by homeowners who may not read the instructions, fail tounderstand their implementation, or otherwise fail to follow direction. The word needs tohit the streets that all neonicotinoids are highly toxic to bees and should not be appliedwhen and where bees are pollinating flowers. Massive Bee KillPosted on June 21, 2013 by jjneal25,000 – 30,000 bumblebees are dead in the parking lot outside a Target store inWilsonville, southwest of Portland, Oregon. Conservation biologists are investigating thecause. The preliminary suspects are pesticides or toxic pollen. The species of tree is notnative to the United States and some pollens can be toxic to bees. However, massive beekills have not been noted in the past and the pollen has probably not changed.Trees in parking lots are sometimes treated for aphids and other phloem feeding insectsthat drop sticky honeydew on parked cars. In this instance, the trees were treated with theneonicotinoid insecticide, Dinotefuran a few days prior to onset of the bee kill.The neonicotinoidinsecticides are at thecenter of a controversyover bee kills. The toxicityto bees is orders ofmagnitude greater thansome of the notablepesticides (such ascarbamate insecticides)responsible for bee kills inthe last century.Dinotefuran and otherneonicotinoids arePhoto: jnealrelatively safe for humansbecause they areBumblebee Pollinating a Flowerselectively toxic to insects.However, beneficialpollinators such as bumblebees are also insects and can be killed along with the targetedpests. In orchards, growers are not allowed to spray most insecticides during the periodwhen trees are flowering. The same rules should apply to flowering trees.

Accepted Answer

1st June 21 2013 25000-30000 bumblebees are dead in parking , the preliminary suspects are…