Biotransformation Pathway Drug OH 9 SO,H CH, CO,H CO,R NO₂ B Phase I Metabolite CỎ ANH, Phase II Metabolite NH OH H,C HO,C OH OH

Oxaloacetate is an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase because it is structurally very similar to succinate as shown below. Also, its binding to the enzyme does not involve any covalent bond formation. What type of inhibitor is oxaloacetate? COO | CH₂ 1 CH₂ 1 COO Succinate COO | CH₂ C=O COO Oxaloacetate O a noncompetitive inhibitor both a noncompetitive and an irreversible inhibitor O an irreversible inhibitor O a competitive inhibitor

Viagra inhibit PDE5？what does it means？what will happen if Viagra inhibit PDE5？

Consider the following biochemical reactions: HO H₂N A B с NH₂ reaction NH₂ ATP ADP enzyme + 2 H₂O enzyme 0 0 FAD FADH₂ ܘܐ ܀ enzyme type of enzyme needed to catalyze this reaction HO dy dy OH In the table below, write the type of enzyme that catalyzes each reaction. Note: be sure to use only the 6 standard enzyme types. NH₂ + 2 NH3 X Ś A B

Absorbed from the intestines into the blood, nitrites (NO2-) interact with the hemoglobin of the blood and block its respiratory function, turning part of the hemoglobin (HbFe2+) into methemoglobin (HbFe3+), unable to transfer oxygen from the lungs to tissues. With the formation of a large amount of methemoglobin, oxygen starvation of tissues occurs, which can cause damage to the central nervous system. 10 to 20 % - of methemoglobin (HbFe3+) - asymptomatic cyanosis, 20 to 50% of methemoglobin (HbFe3+) -hypoxia develop, > 50% of methemoglobin (HbFe3+) - the person will die. The body weight of the average person is 60 kg. Blood mass averages 8% of a person’s body weight; blood density ρ = 1,050 g/cm3, the hemoglobin (Hb) content in it is 14 g per 100 ml. molecular weight of hemoglobin 65-68 kg/mol (use 68 kg/mol for calculation). Assume that 1 mole of hemoglobin reacts with one mole of nitrite ion to form 1 NO molecule: HbFe2+ + NO2- → HbFe3+ + NO will a 290 mg dose of sodium nitrite…

8 The optimal temperature for the action of lactate dehydrogenase is 36°C. It is irreversibly inactivated at 85°C, but a yeast containing this enzyme can survive for months at —10°C. Explain how this can happen.

Write and discuss the mechanism of the reaction that happens at the active site of the enzyme cathecol oxidase.

Mechanism of drug action is explored by: * pharmacoeconomics pharmacodynamics O pharmacogenetics O pharmacokinetics

6. What class do the enzymes that catalyze the following reaction belong? (oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases) H H H. C=C H-----H Hi H. H H ↑

Acetolactate synthase transfers the acyl group of pyruvate to alpha-ketobutyrate. This is the first step in the biosynthesis of the amino acid isoleucine. Propose a mechanism for this reaction.