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- 1. Given is the 30 nucleotides in the human gene for hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells): 3’ TAC-CAC-GTG-GAC-TGA-GGA-CTC-CTC-TTC-AGA 5’ a. What is the amino acid sequence based on this mRNA? b. A very important mutation in human hemoglobin occurs in this DNA sequence, where the T at nucleotide 20 is replace with an A. The mutant hemoglobin is called sickle cell hemoglobin and is associated with severe anemia. What is the amino acid replacement that results in sickle-cell hemoglobin?1. Using the genetic code, determine the sequence of amino acids encoded by the mRNA codocn sequence 5' GCC-AUG-GUA-AAA-UGC-GAC-CCC 3' 2. Using the genetic code, determine the sequence of amino acids encoded by the mRNA codocn sequence 5' CAU-CCU-CAC-ACU-GUU-UGU-UGG 3'The following is a portion of a protein: met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-pro-thr-Various mutant forms of this protein have been recovered. Using the normal and mutant sequences, determine the DNA and mRNA sequences that code for this portion of the protein, and explain each of the mutations. a. met-trp- b. met-cys-ile-val-val-leu-gln- c. met-trp-tyr-arg-ser-pro-thr- d. met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-ala-val-ile-ser-pro-thr-
- Given the following mRNA, write the double-stranded DNA segment that served as the template. Indicate both the 5 and the 3 ends of both DNA strands. Also write out the tRNA anticodons and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the mRNA message. DNA: mRNA: 5-CCGCAUGUUCAGUGGGCGUAAACACUGA-3 protein: tRNA:1 An Amino Acid Sequence Leu - Tyr - Gly-Gly - Val Which of the following changes to the mRNA that produces the amino acid sequence shown above would be characterized as a missense mutation? Select one: O A. CUC UAG GGU GGC GUA OB. CUC UAC GGG GGC GUA OC. CUC UAC GGU GGC GCU O D. CUC UAU GGU GGC GUA2. Transcribe the following gene sequence to the appropriate MRNA codons: TCA TTT CCA CAG ACA * AGU AAA GGU GUc UGU 3. Translate the mRNA codons (i.e. your answer to question 2) into the appropriate amino acids using the following Universal Genetic Code Chart. * Universal Genetic Code Chart Messenger RNA Codons and the Amino Acids for Which They Code SECOND BASE A UCU UAU UGU UUU UUC UUA PHE TYR CYS UCC UCA UAC UGC SER UAA UGA STOP LEU STOP UUG UGG} TRP UCG UAG CUU CCU CAU CGU HIS CUC CCC CAC CGC LEU PRO ARG CCA CCG CUA CAA CGA GLN CUG CAG CG AUU AUC ACU AAU AGU AGC AGA ASN SER ILE ACC AAC THR AAA AAGS ACA AUA AUG MET or START LYS ARG ACG AGG S GCU GCC GUU GAU GGU ASP GUC GAC GGC VAL ALA GLY GUA GCA GCG GAA GGA GGG GLU GUG GAG トエーCロ ASE A, L-RST BASE
- a. Identify the type of mutation shown below. b. How many amino acids are affected? c. What type of impact will this mutation have on the functionality of the protein? Second Letter UAU Tyr UAC UUU UCU UGU UGC Phe Cys C UUC UUA UUG UCC UCA Ser UAA Stop UGA Stop A UAG Stop UGG Trp G Leu UCG CGU CAU His CCU C CCA G CUU CUC CAC CGC Leu CUA Arg Pro CGA CGG CAA Gin CUG CAG AUU AUC lle AUA AUG Met ACG ACU ACC ACA AAU Asn AAC The AAA AGU AGC Ser AGA AAG Lya AGG Arg GCU GCC GUU GAU GAC GAA GAG GGU GGC Gly Asp GUC Val GUA Ala GCA GCG GGA Glu GGG GUG ACC T C A G. G. 6. G G A C T. T. G. Original DNA strand G T A G. G. T. G. G. GA CT T. G. Mutated DNA strand First letter Third letterA small section of MRNA codons has the following sequence: UGU GGU CAA CCG Some Amino Acids 1. Valine 2. Serine 3. Proline 4. Glycine 5. Arginine 6. Leucine 7. Histidine 8. Cysteine 9. Glutamine The amino acids listed above that are coded by the MRNA codons are , and Record your answer in order from left to right codons.3. The trp repressor is a homodimer with 107 amino acid residues per monomer. The content of proton dissociable groups of each monomer is given below: Side chain pKa number/monomer ZpH 4 ZpH 6 Arginine Aspartate Glutamate 12.5 9. 4.0 9. 4.0 10 Histidine 6.0 Lysine Tyrosine -NH3® —СООН 10.0 9.5 7.0 1 4.0 1 (a) ('. - : --) The isoelectric point (pl) of the protein, i.e., the pH at which the overall electrostatic charge on the protein E z = 0, is 5.3. Although the pKa values in the table above are only approximate values generally characteristic of residues with unhindered exposure to solvent, confirm that the overall charge on the protein must pass through zero between pH 4 and pH 6. ) Estimate what must be the average pKa value of all of the residues containing carboxylic (b) ( acid groups using the H-H equation below, assuming that the pKa values of the positively charged groups do not change from the values given in the table above: pH = pKa + log [base]/[acid] %D
- 7. Which of the following events does NOT take place in/on the RER? a. cleavage of the signal recognition peptide b. biosynthesis of core oligosaccharides for N-linked glycosylation c. Phosphorylation of mannose to give rise to mannose-6-phosphate. d. attachment of a core oligosaccharide to protein via asparagine residues e. cleavage of GTP by SRP receptorTRNAS are 'charged' or activated by aminoacyl TRNA synthetases. Select the correct statements regarding this process. The process is dependent on interactions between ribosomes and aminoacyl TRNA synthetases. The aminoacid is added to the D-loop of the tRNA. Aminoacyl TRNA synthetases are pre-associated with tRNAS. The amino acid is attached to the terminal to the 3' hydroxyl of an adenine in the acceptor arm. The process requires an aminoacyl-adenylate intermadiate. QUESTION 19 Select the correct statements regarding myosin-mediated contraction the sarcomere. O Ca2+ is required for the binding of myosin to f-actin. Myosin and f-actin are randomly distributed in the sarcomere. Physical pulling of the actin microfilament requires three distinct conformation changes on myosin that involve ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis and sequential release of inorganic phosphate and ADP. Myosin-mediated contracted is ubiquitous across all cell types. O O O O44. Mature human insulin is synthesized from a single Gene but contains two polypeptide chains (A and B) linked by disulfide bonds. Which of the following statements about the A and B chains provides the best explanation for the production of human insulin?a. They are identical and combine to form the mature insulin - A has 21 chains, Bhas 30b. They are produced by proteolytic processing of a single translation productC. They are the products of alternative translation-initiation sites on a single mRNAd. They are the product of a separate A- and B-chain mRNA produced byalternative splicing - would lead to protein diversitye. They are the products of separate A- and B-chain mRNA synthesized fromalternative promoters