Alnus Salix Picea 100 80 Time since glaciation (years) 17 40 60 120 138 The graph shows data of plant species richness as a function of time measured in plots that were dominated by either Alnus (black, solid lines), Salix (yellow, dotted line) or Picea (blue, dashed line) (Buma et al. 2019). (FYI: Alnus is alder, Salix is willow, Picea is spruce) Each line describes the average change of plant species richness through time in those plots. For each of the dominant species in those plots, determine whether they facilitate, inhibit or have no effect on species richness in late successional stages. Alnus [ Select ] Salix [ Select ] Picea [ Select ] Plant species richness in plots

2010 Question #4 (modified) The diagram below shows the succession of communities from annual plants to hardwood trees in a specific area over a period of time. Annual Plants Shrubs Perennial Plants and Grasses Softwood Trees - Pines Hardwood Trees Time 1. Discuss the expected changes in biodiversity as the stages of succession progress as shown in the diagram above. 2. Describe and explain three changes in abiotic conditions over time that lead to the succession, as shown in the diagram. 3. For each of the disturbances found below this list, discuss the immediate and long-term effects on ecosystem succession. 4. Identify two biotic and two abiotic factors and discuss how each could influence the pattern of ecological succession. 5. Discuss the differences in plant diversity and explain how the changes affect the animal species composition. Disturbance #1: A volcano erupts, covering a 10 square kilometer portion of a mature forest with lava. Disturbance #2: A 10 square kilometer…

Tundra Enlarge Image Taiga A biome is large regional area of similar communities characterized by a dominant plant type and vegetative structure. Traditionally, biomes have been used to describe large geographical regions such as deserts, grasslands, forests, and tundras. The tundra occurs between the taiga and the permanently frozen polar regions while the taiga zone occupies a wide belt between the tundra and the temperate forests on the American and Eurasian continents. The plant and animal populations vary in these two biomes. 4 O Search 1) Review the images of the two biomes, the tundra and the taiga. Notice that while there are about 1,700 kinds of plants there are virtually no tree species in the tundra. What are the limiting factors in preventing the immigration of tree species into the tundra? All BUT ONE could apply. --)) A) rocky, poor soil B) () D) very short growing season the presence of permafrost winters are six months long 2) The taiga is the most extensive biome,…

b) Persampelan kuadrat (0.5 m x 0.5 m) telah dilakukan untuk 2 spesies tumbuhan, A dan B. Data yang diperolehi ialah seperti dalam jadual dibawah: Quadrat sampling (0.5 m x 0.5 m) was carried out for three species of plants, A and B. The data obtained is shown in the table below: Jadual/ Table 2: Data perrsampelan kuadrat/ Quadrat sampling data Bilangan tumbuhan/Number of plants 2 Kuadrat/ Quadrat Tumbuhan/ Plant A Tumbuhan/ Plant B 3 4 3 2 2 4 2 3 2 2 Tentukan kepadatan spesis relatif untuk Tumbuhan A dan Tumbuhan B Determine relative species density for Plant A and Plant B i.

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from the data, which species showed the highest contribution or is the most dominant? why and how did you know?

If you compare species richness and evenness along the edge versus in the center of a tree farm and then make the same comparison for a rain forest, what would you expect to find? There would probably be a greater difference in richness but less difference in evenness between the tree farm and the rain forest. There would probably be a greater difference in evenness but less difference in richness between the tree farm and the rain forest. There would probably be about the same difference between the core and the edge in the tree farm versus the rain forest. There would probably be more difference between the core and the edge in the tree farm versus the rain forest. There would probably be less difference between the core and edge in the tree farm versus the rain forest.

(b) Flat-podded golden rain tree introduced to central Florida 9.0 8.5 during this time 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 Date 88. The above graph shows the length of soapberry (an insect) beaks over time. Before the Flat-podded golden rain tree was introduced, beak size varied between short and long. After the tree was introduced, beak length became a. Shorter; disruptive b. Longer; disruptive c. Shorter; directional d. Longer; directional This example illustrates selection. Beak length (mm)

American Turkey Oak is an indicator species for... Select one: a. upland pine forest O b. oak scrub c. oak hammock d. pine flatwoods e. sandhill What is the name for an aquatic saltwater ecosystem in which the water is permanent & not marine? Select one: a. estuary b. worm reef C. salt marsh d. barrier reef e. octocoral bed The primary plant that holds beach dunes together is the... Select one: a. Cockspur Pricklypear b. Jamaica Swamp Sawgrass c. Coastal Sea Oats d. Burrowing Four-o'-clock e. Railroad Vine

A virgin forest in Germany has 4 species of large trees with the following proportions of each: spruce, 0.345; pine, 0.305; beech, 0.21; oak, 0.14. Find the index of diversity H.