Biological significance of PFSh and formed metabolites.

2. Describe the role of each cofactor involved in the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

4. The urea cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered, predating the description of the citric acid cycle by 5 years. Hans Krebs along with Kurt Henseleit used their Warburg manometer (pictured) to monitor the use of carbon dioxide and ammonia in the synthesis of urea. In the presence of a slice of liver, urea could be produced, but the reaction require ornithine and citrulline. Since citrulline is not consumed during the course of the enzymatic cycle, but is rather regenerated, Krebs described 2N citrulline as a "catalyst" of the process. ОН ÑH2 (a) What do initiation of the urea cycle and initiation of gluconeogenesis have in common? What is the first committed step of the urea cycle, what reactants are used, what product is (b) produced, where does it take place, how is it allosterically regulated, and how is the allosteric regulator produced?

2. Of the molecules shown below, which one would you expect to inhibit chymotrypsin most effectively? Why? B B VE TË NË TË N

8. Anaplerotic and amphibolic reactions in TCA.

6. Explain the basis of enzyme replacement therapy

11. Write the mechanism of all three enzymatic steps of the a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, indicating which steps occur in which enzyme (E1, E2, E3) active sites.

3. What hospital-acquired condition do proton pump inhibitors help prevent?

1. What is the role of sodium hydroxide in the oxime preparation?

22. Which of the compounds shown is not the likely substrates for LATI? ں میں 20 HO HO NH₂ Levodopa OH A. Levodopa B. Tryptophan C. Ornithine D. Phenylalanine E. Oxitriptan NH₂ OH Tryptophan H₂N NH₂ Ornithine OH NH₂ OH Phenylalanine HO HN NH₂ Oxitriptan OH