Biochemical events in the synthesis of ATP: I. Subunits of ATP synthase chages in conformation and twists/rotates as H+ moves through it II. H+ gradient is the driving force (through the ATP synthase) to form ATP from ADP + Pi. III. H+ moving across the membrane through ATP synthase rotates its ring of c subunits II and III only I, II, III I and II only I and III only
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Biochemical events in the synthesis of ATP:
I. Subunits of ATP synthase chages in conformation and twists/rotates as H+ moves through it
II. H+ gradient is the driving force (through the ATP synthase) to form ATP from ADP + Pi.
III. H+ moving across the membrane through ATP synthase rotates its ring of c subunits
II and III only |
||
I, II, III |
||
I and II only |
||
I and III only |
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- Additional information: ATP production by the ETC and ATP Synthase per glucose varies somewhat depending on the energy required to move NADH into the mitochondria and other energy uses for the hydrogen-ion gradient. Additional questions: 1.) How many ATP's are generally yielded by oxidative phosphorylation from the catabolism of one glucose? 2.) Summarize the total ATP's obtained from a single molecule of glucose, from start to finish? asapO BIOCHEMISTRY Understanding major biochemical energy storage and release. A certain anabolic biochemical reaction A has AG- 17.8 kJ mol , and is always coupled to another reaction B, which has two reactants and two products, I this: R + R2 P + P2 The molecule in the drawing area below is either R, or P. • If it's R, change it into P. But if it's P, change it into R. • In either case, draw the molecule as it would exist at physiological pH. • Also please answer the questions about Reaction B in the table below. OR, Was the molecule in the drawing area R, or P, before you changed it? What is R? Enter its common name, usual symbol, or chemical formula: What is P2? Enter its common name, usual symbol, or chemical formula: O BIOCHEMISTRY Understanding major biochemical energy storage and release.. ODO its common name, usual symbol, or chemical formula: NH, -CH N. H OH OH ...... to IIICell Everyday Function Energy Production Molecule Transport Demonstrate how cells are able to Discuss the methods that the cell is able make energy using the following terms to get the molecules needed for normal functions using the following terms. 1. Active Transport 2. Pumps 3. 1. ATP 2. Glucose 3. Anaerobic 4. Aerobic 5. Oxygen 6. Reactants 7. Products 8. Pyruvate 9. Mitochondria ATP 4. Concentration Gradient (with and against) 5. Simple Diffusion 6. Facilitated Diffusion 7. Passive Transport 8. Proteins 9. Phospholipids
- Bioenergetics: Answer the following questions regarding bioenergetics/ oxidative phosphorylation: Given the following reactions and AGs for each reaction, answer the two questions that follow; be sure to give complete answer including proper units and sign(s) wherever necessary: Reaction #1 (AG = -2.3 kcal/mol): A+ B2 C+D Reaction #2 (AG = +5.3 kcal/mol): C+ K 2R Reaction #3 (AG = -4.5 kcal/mol): R 2 Y+Z 7. Calculate AG for overall reaction: AR>Z Free Energy Change Reactions #1-3 = 8. Which direction is this overall process (#1-3) predicted to go (circle one)? forward OR backwardVelocity, activity units/mg protein 31 5 4 3 ~ 0 5 15 20 Aspartate concentration, mM 10 - Control - With CTP With ATP 25 Figure 2: Kinetics of ATCase in the presence of ATP and CTP (based on Gerhart and Pardee, 1962). The kinetics of the ATCase reaction were examined using increasing concentrations of aspartate, in the presence and absence of CTP and ATP as shown in Figure 2. a. What information can you obtain by looking at the shapes of the curves in this figure? b. What kinetic parameter(s) change in the presence of CTP? What parameter(s) do not change? What is the significance of these observations? c. Answer question 2b for ATP.Effects of Changing Metabolite Concentrations on Glycolysis In an erythrocyte undergoing glycolysis what would be the effect of a sudden increase in the concentration of a. AΤP? b. AMP? c. fructose-1.6-bisphosphate? d. fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate? e. citrate? f. glucose-6-phospthate?
- The following structure is ATP synthase. Which of the following statements is NOT true for the ATP synthase? B b2 6 a В a Y E H+ α C10 B ATP ADP + Pi N side 800000 P sideCreatine is a popular dietary supplement. What is the biochemical rationale for the use of creatine? It would serve as an electron donor to support reductive biosyntheses required to sustain cellular function. It would promote the movement of ions through ion channels and thus power the synthesis of ATP during exercise. It would be converted into creatine phosphate and thus serve as a rapid means of replenishing ATP during muscle contraction. O It would directly serve as an electron carrier to support the oxidation of fuel molecules and thus energy production. What type of exercise would benefit most from creatine supplementation? O a long-distance run a leisurely walk yoga O sprintingSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP Two moles of fructose-1,6-biphosphate
- Saccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP 1. Three moles of glucose-6-phosphate 2. Four moles of pyruvic acidSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP 1. Three moles of glucose-6-phosphateSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP Five moles of Acetyl coenzyme A