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Benford's law, also known as the first‑digit law, represents a probability distribution of the leading significant digits of numerical values in a data set. A leading significant digit is the first occurring non‑zero integer in a number. For example, the leading significant digit in the number 127127 is 11. Let this leading significant digit be denoted ?x.
Benford's law notes that the frequencies of ?x in many datasets are approximated by the probability distribution shown in the table.
?x | 11 | 22 | 33 | 44 | 55 | 66 | 77 | 88 | 99 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
?(?)P(x) | 0.3010.301 | 0.1760.176 | 0.1250.125 | 0.0970.097 | 0.0790.079 | 0.0670.067 | 0.0580.058 | 0.0510.051 | 0.0460.046 |
Determine ?(?)E(X), the
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