Based on this tree, which of the following statements is not correct? The lineage leading to salamanders was the first to diverge from the other lineages. Lizards are more closely related to salamanders than lizards are to humans. Salamanders are a sister group to the group containing lizards, goats, and humans. Salamanders are as closely related to goats as they are to humans.

Figure 20.10 Which animals in this figure belong to a clade that includes animals with hair? Which evolved first, hair or the amniotic egg?

Humans are _________ (animals with backbones); like other primates, they also are _______.

Match the organisms with the appropriate description. ___ tunicates a. pouched mammals ___ fishes b. invertebrate chordates ___ amphibians c. feathered amniotes ___ primates d. egg-laying mammals ___ birds e. oldest vertebrate lineage ___ monotremes f. have grasping hands with nails ___ marsupials g. first land tetrapods ___ placental mammals h. most diverse mammal lineage

Figure 15.3 Which of the following statements is false? a. Eumetazoa have specialized tissues and Parazoa do not. b. Both acoelomates and pseudocoelomates have a body cavity. c. Chordates are more closely related to echinoderms than to rotifers according to the figure. d. Some animals have radial symmetry, and some animals have bilateral symmetry.

Describe the forams and actinopods, and explain why many biologists classify them in the rhizarian supergroup.

New World monkeys _____. a. lack a tail b. are bipedal c. live only in Africa d. are dry-nosed primates e. are human ancestors f. all of the above

EVOLUTION LINK Although most salamanders have four legs, a few species that live in shallow water lack hind limbs and have extremely tiny forelimbs (see photograph). Develop a hypothesis to explain how limbless salamanders came about according to Darwins mechanism of evolution by natural selection. How could you test your hypothesis? The narrow-striped dwarf siren (Pseudobranchus striatus axanthus) is an aquatic salamander that resembles an eel. It is native to Florida.

The phylogenetic tree for vertebrates depicted below was constructed from sequence data for two rRNA mitochondrial genes (12S and 16S). How do the results of this analysis compare with the phylogenetic trees in Figures 32.10 and 32.24? Identify the major clades of vertebrates on the tree depicted below. Source: R. Zardoya and A. Meyer. 1998. Complete mitochondrial genome suggests diapsid affinities of turtles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95:1422614231. Copyright 1998 National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.

The evolution of wings helped the insect clade to be very successful. In this example, wings are an _______. a. derived trait c. key innovation b. adaptive trait d. all of the above