Based on the constant region of the antibodies there are only five iso-types of the antibodies, while millions of different “V” region domains in the variable part of the antibodies.
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Based on the constant region of the antibodies there are only five iso-types of the antibodies, while millions of different “V” region domains in the variable part of the antibodies.
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- Based on the constant region of the antibodies there are only five iso-types of the antibodies, while millions of different Variable region domains in the variable part of the antibodies. why?Describe the reason that it is useful that antibodies have two antigen binding arms.There are five major classes of antibodies. Complete the two below.
- There are five major classes of antibodies. Complete the three below.How are antibodies unique? Please discuss the structure of an antibody. What are the V and C regions? Discuss how the few hundred genes involved are capable of making endless amounts of antibodies. Besides medical treatment what is another way antibodies can be used?Based on the five major classes of antibodies given below, which of the following is present on the membrane of naive B cells? Select all that may apply. O IgD O IgA O IgM O IgG O IgE
- A ‘B’ lymphocyte demonstrates ‘B cell receptors’ on its surface. These receptors have ‘variable’ regions which match the variable regions of the antibodies released by the plasma cell (formed by the activated B lymphocyte). Which of the following types of antibodies forms these ‘B cell receptors’ ? IgG IgA IgD IgEeds Antibodies (Immunoglobulins) Objective 14 Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are glycoproteins secreted by plasma cells. They are located in interstitial fluid, plasma (gamma globulin fraction) and in body secretions. onse A. Antibody Structure Heavy chain Antigen-binding site Light chain Insmakamos Hinge region Complement- binding site Stem region Macrophage binding site OHO (a) Antibody molecule OHO X = Disulfide bond Carbohydrate four polypeptide chains (two heavy, two light) chains are held together by covalent disulfide bonds (S=S) each heavy chain and each light chain has two functional areas: consists of highly variable amino acid sequences which forms the basis of antibody specificity; antigen binds here ????? to more conserved amino acid sequences; there are five basic sequences of amino acids, which define the 5 antibody classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and IgD); ????? each class has its own characteristic set of effector functions (see next page) Your notes: 4 40 4. 39What are the different properties of an antigenEnumerate and discuss the concept of antigenicityIdentify and differentiate the different types of antigenWhat are the different properties of an antibodyDifferentiate the various types of antibodies
- Addition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for hemoglobin to a solution of hemoglobin results in the formation of a red precipitate. In contrast, addition of the Fab fragments from this antibody to hemoglobin results in no such precipitate. What could explain this difference in results? Treatment with papain produces Fab fragments with different antigen specificity than the original IgG molecule. IgG can simultaneously bind two different antigens, whereas an Fab fragment can only bind one antigen at a time. The Fab fragments preferentially bind to other Fab fragments rather than to hemoglobin. The hemoglobin molecule antibody-binding sites can bind IgG molecules, but cannot bind Fab fragments.For the diagram below, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: Antigen- binding site V C Heavy chain V Light chain S.S. Fc (stem) region c C Hinge region None of the other four answers (All are true statements) Antibodies (Immunoglobulins) are composed of four protein molecules, two identical "light" chains and two identical "heavy" chains Antigens bind to the "stem", composed of the constant regions of the two "heavy" chains The variable (V) regions form the antigen binding sites The constant (C) regions determine class of antibodyThe figure below shows the primary and secondary immune responses to an antigen. Which of the following is NOT shown or implied by this figure? Antibody titer in serum (arbitrary units) - 1st Ag Exposure IgM IgG 14 Time (days) - 2nd Ag Exposure 21 58 65 None of the other four answers (All are shown or implied by the figure) IgG is the predominant class of antibody produced after second exposure to the Ag The second exposure to an Ag results in higher IgG levels than the first exposure IgM is the first class of antibody produced after first exposure to the Ag Memory B cells produced upon the first exposure to an Ag can react quickly to subsequent exposures to the same Ag 72
