Based on the cladogram in Figure 1, which of the following conclusions about the evolution of the anole species is most reasonable?

Sketch the generated phylogenetic tree below and color the branches of the generated phylogenetic tree according the the island: 1) Anolis sheplani 2) Anolis cybotes 3) Anolis olssoni 4) Anolis celestinus 5) Anolis occultus 6) Anolis cristatellus 7) Anolis puchellus 8) Anolis evermanni Hispaniola Species - Blue Puerto Rico Species - Red 1) What can you conclude about the relatedness of anole lizards living on these two islands?

Suppose we are sure, because of previous studies, that species 1, 2, and 3 are more closely related to each other than to species 4 (outgroup). We sequence a gene and find ten nucleotide sites that differ among the four species. Draw the most parsimonious tree and label each evolutionary change on the tree (Position – new nucleotide; Example = 8T or 6C).    *The answer is below but I do not understand where the numbers or tick marks came from? Could someone explain. For example, why is the 1A on the 2?

Species A and B have long wings, whereas species C has short wings. Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the hypothesis that long wings are a synapomorphy?   A. DNA evidence showing that species B and C are sister species   B. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had short wings   C. DNA evidence showing that species A and C are sister species   D. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had long wings   E. Evidence showing that species A and B live in an environment that favors long wings, whereas species C lives in an environment that favors short wings

The diagram below represents the ranges of 3 species (A, B, and C), which are separated by a mountain range and river. It has been hypothesized that these three species arose via vicariance ecological speciation. Specifically, the entire area was originally occupied by a single species. Its range was split first by the mountain range. Later, the river formed, separating populations on the eastern side of the mountains. If this hypothesis is correct, phylogenetic analysis should reveal that: NIS 4 44444 U LEL B All three species are equally related to each other. Species A and B are each other's closest relatives (sister taxa). Species B and C are each other's closest relatives (sister taxa). Species A and Care each other's closest relatives (sister taxa).

To test evolutionary hypotheses, you make a phylogeny of a group of organisms based on six traits: A B 1 2 E 5 2 1= singing 2= nest-building 3 = short legs 4 = hollow snout 5= crest J L M 6 = tree dwelling a) Based on your phylogeny, did hollow snouts evolve to allow singing? Explain your answer. b) Your friend wants to put all of the species that have hollow snouts into a single taxonomic group. Is this a good taxonomic group? Explain your answer. 4.

4 05 4 3. 2. D.

What is the sister taxon of Taxon 3. The sister taxa or clade of Taxon 1? The sister taxon or clade of the Outgroup is?The most recent common ancestor of Taxon 1 and Taxon 3 ? The most recent common ancestor of Taxon 2 and Taxon 3? How many clades (if any) are nested within the Ingroup? If we don’t count the terminal nodes (the tips), how many clades are depicted in the tree?