Banks use a Personal Identification Number (PIN) to uniquely identify each customer. Let us assume that our bank has a specified range of acceptable values for each digit in its customers' 5-digit PINs. The table shown below contains the acceptable ranges, where digits are numbered from left to right in the PIN. Then we can see that the PIN 52413 is valid. But the PIN 43534 is invalid because the first digit is out of range. Similarly, 64535 is invalid because of its last digit. Digit Number Range 1 5 to 9 2 2 to 5 3 4 to 8 4 1 to 4 5 3 to 6 Create a procedure named Validate_PIN that receives a pointer to an array of byte containing a 5-digit PIN. Declare two arrays to hold the minimum and maximum range values, and use these arrays to validate each digit of the PIN that was passed to the procedure. If any digit is found to be outside its valid range, immediately return the digit's position (between 1 and 5) in the EAX register. If the entire PIN is valid, return 0 in EAX. Preserve all other register values between calls to the procedure. Write a test program that calls Validate_PIN at least four times, using both valid and invalid byte arrays. Display "Valid" or "Invalid" on the console after each procedure call.

Regarding RISC-V: Considering the case of adding two positive 32-bit integers and placing the result in a 32-bit register:  Under what scenario would there be an overflow? Please show a quantitative example to demonstrate the overflow?  From the example above, how can we detect this overflow?   Since there are 32 bit-wise additions that need to be done for adding these 32-bit integers, this addition operation may be slow. To improve the performance, one straightforward idea is to use 32 1-bit address and do the 32 bitwise additions all at the same time. Do you think this straightforward idea would work (i.e generate correct result and achieve the anticipated performance improvements) and why?

Explain the parallel organization SIMD

Which align type is most efficient for an x86 processor?