Bacteriophages that can enter into stable, long-term rela- tionships with their hosts are called: (a) Lytic phages (d) Lazy phages (b) Defective phages (e) Temperate phages (c) Virulent phages

Q: The peptidoglycan region in archaea is connected to each other by a: a) tetrapeptide b) Teichoic…

A: Peptidoglycan is a polymer crucial for forming the cell wall in most bacterial species. Comprising…

Q: How is a provirus related to disease symptoms?         A-the provirus continually lyses cells,…

A: A virus, an unseen microorganism, infiltrates our body. It infiltrates our tissues and then…

Q: What method is used by bacteriophages to release from the infected host cell? O 1) budding O 2)…

A: Answer is option 4.)lysis.

Q: You are designing a phage therapy for a cystic fibrosis patient with an multi-antibiotic resistant…

A: The most crucial characteristic for this particular phage therapy scenario is: C. That the infection…

Q: As a general rule, viruses are not considered to be alive based on several reasons. One such reason…

A: Viruses are small, microscopic organisms that contain either RNA or DNA as their genetic material.…

Q: 40) The molecular forces that hold the proteins of a capsule together are covalent bonds. True or…

A: The topics covered include chromosomal dynamics in the cell cycle, the historical background of gene…

Q: Describe how penetration occurs in T-4 phages.

A: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Bacteriophages infect the host through two means-…

Q: The genomes of free-living spirochetes are larger than those of ones that live within an animal…

A: Spirochaete is a member of unique double-membrane bacteria, mostly which are long, helically coiled…

Q: Phages that destroy host cell DNA, direct synthesis of phageparticles, and cause lysis of the host…

A: Virus is a non-living pathogenic agent which depends on its host for survival. It is  composed of…

Q: Which type of phages can perform   specialized  transduction?

A: Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into the cell by a suitable virus or…

Q: Which of the following is true about plasmids?a) They are present in all organismsb) They are…

A: A plasmid is circular, extrachromosomal, small piece of DNA present in the cytoplasm that is…

Q: Which type of phages can perform   generalized transduction?

A: Zinder and Lederberg in 1952 discovered Transduction in S.typhimurum. The phage which mediated DNA…

Q: Compare and contrast the lysogenic and lytic cycles of phage λ.

A: Phage lambda is a bacteriophage which infects E.coli bacteria. Bacteriophages are the viruses that…

Q: iruses that kill host cells are (a) lysogenic (b) lytic (c) viroids (d) prophages (e) temperate

A: In virology, the relationship between viruses and their host cells can lead to diverse results,…

Q: not a viral disease ? (a) AIDS and mumps (b) Small pox and herpes (c) Influenza (d) Cholera

A: Viral disease is an infectious disease, which is widespread, and caused by virus. There are so many…

Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages to bacteriophages of the lytic and lysogenic rep

A: Bacteriophages : A type is a type of virus that infects bacteria . There are two types of…

Q: The malarial form infectious for mosquitoes is called aa) gametocyte.    b) trophozoite.…

A: Malaria is an infective disease that is caused by the Plasmodium parasite and is transmitted by…

Q: Why is disrupting protein synthesis an effective target in fighting a bacterial infection? a) Host…

A: Proteins are the polymers of amino acids.

Q: Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed experiments to show that A: the genetic material was DNA…

A: DNA is the organic molecule that carries information from one generation to another. Several…

Q: A virophage is best descirbed as:(a) A bacteriophage that requires a helper virus(b) An animal virus…

A: Viruses are obligate parasites. They are non cellular entities which have their RNA (ribonucleic…

Q: During the lysogenic cycle of lambda (A) phage the phage genome is integrated in the host chromosome…

A: Bacteriophage are those viruses which are found to be in fact to the bacterial cell.

Q: A phage that reproduces slowly, produces relatively few phage particles, and only undergoes the…

A:

Q: Why are viruses considered “obligate intracellular parasites”?  What does it mean to be “obligate”?

A: Introduction :- Intracellular parasites are microscopic parasites that can grow and reproduce inside…

Q: Most temperate phages integrate into the host chromosome, whereas some replicate as plasmids. Which…

A: Temperate phages are those phages that exhibit a lysogenic life cycle. The lysogenic cycle refers to…

Q: Genome sequences show that some pathogenic bacteriacontain virulence genes that promote disease next…

A: Lateral gene transfer (also called horizontal gene transfer) has played an important role in…

Q: Why can bacteria undergo rapid evolutionary change? a) Bacteria pass through numerous bottlenecks b)…

A: Introduction Bacteria are prokaryotic cells I.e they are single-celled organisms with a small size.…

Q: 3. (a). Illustrate and describe the lytic and lysogenic cycles for the production of viruses. (b).…

A: Introduction :  A prokaryotic organism with only one cell is a bacteria. They lack a nucleus and…

Q: Is protein or DNA the genetic material of phage T2?

A: Phages are the viruses that infect bacteria. They do so by injecting their genetic material in…

Q: Which of the following statements is not applicable to conjugation? A) OF factors are transferrable…

A: Bacteria are single-celled microbes. These organisms are capable of exchanging inheritable material…

Q: a. Which type of viruses can be directly used for translation?     a)  dsRNA   b)  Positive…

A: RNA also known as Ribonucleic acid. It present in all living cell. RNA is mostly single stranded.…

Q: Select all of the characteristics shared by Penicillium chrysogenum and Euplotes vannus. A) Both…

A: Eukaryotic organisms are those that have sub-cellular membrane-enclosed organelles that are specific…

Q: A bacterium is exposed to a drug that inhibits the N protein. Whatwould you expect to happen if the…

A: Nucleocapsid (N) protein of bacteriophage lambda (λ) activates the lytic phase of phage…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding transduction is FALSE? A) transduction reduces genetic…

A: A virus moves its genetic information from one bacterium to another through a process called…

Q: Host DNA is digested into small pieces, which are occasionally assembled with phage proteins,…

A: Co transduction frequency is defined as the term that is used to explain the phenomenon that two…

Q: In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages, which of the fol-lowing is true?(a) Lysogeny is the term…

A: Answer- Viruses are the infectious particles that act as living organisms when present inside the…

Q: Which of the following processes occurs in both lytic and nonlytic viral infections?(i) Infected…

A: Statement (i) Infected cell ruptures to release viral particles is only limited to lytic cycle…

Q: Put the following stages of a lytic replication cycle in order, from earliest to latest stages: I.…

A: Lytic cycle is one of the two cycle of viral reproduction which involves the lysis of the host cell.…

Q: What does lambda phage do?

A: Bacteriophage is a virus, which infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. All…

Q: Ribosomes that are translating a mRNA, would release that mRNA when they reach a) an operator b) a…

A: Introduction :- Ribosomes have two primary functions: message decoding and peptide bond synthesis.…

Q: 10) One of the field of studies listed includes the rest: a) Viral Nucleic acids type b) Viral…

A: Viral envelopes are lipid bilayer membranes that surround some viruses, derived from the host cell's…

Q: The mechanism of specialized transduction relies on the improper excision of a bacteriophage genome…

A: Gene transfer is the method of inserting genetic material (DNA or a gene of interest) into cells…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.