Bacteria in the --extracellular fluid damage local -------phages which release inflammatory mediators that initiates a process called -----that attracts ----particularly ----phils to the damaged area which phagocytize injured and damaged cells and local bacteria. At the same time, bacteria enter lymph-----then travel though lymphatic---vessels and enter lymphatic organs called lymph----- where the bacteria encounter ----that phagocytize the bacteria and present bacterial ----to ---that differentiate into----cells that ----bacterial------ End

What is the role of macrophages? Phagocytosis of foreign molecules Secrete histamine to mediate an inflammatory reaction Produce interferon to activate macrophages All of the above

Some individuals with immunodeficiency have mutations in the digesting enzymes of their macrophages. What impact might this have on their immune systems?   Question 8 options:   The adaptive immune response may no longer be activated.   Macrophage will no longer recognize the PAMPs with their TLRs.   Macrophages will not release cytokines upon tissue damage.   MHC receptors will present antigens on the surface of the macrophages.

Is it possible for the immune system to eliminate the viruses without T cells? Why or why not?

Choose one: 1- what are the antigenic determinant in the variable region of antibodies? Allotypes or idyotypes or isotypes ---------------------------------choose one: 2-When an antibody binds to more than one antigenic particle the best description will be: Cross reacting or clonal expansion or proliferation ------------------------------------------ choose one: 3-Antigen dependent phase during B cell maturation occur Peripheral tissues or bone marrow or spleen only?

Fill in the blanks:  When tissues are damaged, macrophages release inflammatory mediators that cause -------,-------, and -------. Certain inflammatory mediators called ------ increase the hypothalamus "set point" for temperature and cause fever.

How are innate lymphoid cells, including natural killer cells, distinguished from lymphocytes? a- stimulation by pathogen associated molecular patterns b- single lobed nucleus c- production of cytokines d-expression of rearranged antigen receptors

Johnny has just been infected and needs your help in letting him know how his body is fighting the infection. To do so, describe how the innate and adaptive immune systems work together. You should address the following: 1. define adaptive and innate immunity; 2. Describe the role of natural killer cells (how do they work); 3. what are antigen presenting cells and what is their function, what are MHCs?; 4. describe the role of the complement system; 5. what is the role of interferons?; 6. How do helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B lymphocytes work make sure you address adaptive immunity memory?; 7. Define HIV, which cells do they attack and why do some individuals develop persistent lymphadenopathy (swollen or enlarged lymph nodes)?