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b. How many years elapsed between the end of the Cambrian and the beginning of the Permian? How long was it between the beginning of the Eocene and the end of the Miocene? How long did it take for Mississippian rocks to form? c. What percentage of the age of the Earth is repre- sented by Precambrian time? By the Cenozoic era? d. Humans first appeared on Earth about 2 million years ago and recorded history consists of the last 10,000 years. What percentage of the age of the Earth do each of these represent?

b. How many years elapsed between the end of the Cambrian and the beginning of the Permian? How long was it between the beginning of the Eocene and the end of the Miocene? How long did it take for Mississippian rocks to form? c. What percentage of the age of the Earth is repre- sented by Precambrian time? By the Cenozoic era? d. Humans first appeared on Earth about 2 million years ago and recorded history consists of the last 10,000 years. What percentage of the age of the Earth do each of these represent?

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
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world. How were estimates on the age of the Ear made using these considerations? What values were obtained? 7. Geologic Time. Refer to Table 10.1 for assistance. a. How long was the Mesozoic era? The Paleozoic era? b. How many years elapsed between the end of the Cambrian and the beginning of the Permian? How long was it between the beginning of the Eocene and the end of the Miocene? How long did it take for Mississippian rocks to form? c. What percentage of the age of the Earth is repre- sented by Precambrian time? By the Cenozoic era? d. Humans first appeared on Earth about 2 million years ago and recorded history consists of the last 10,000 years. What percentage of the age of the Earth do each of these represent? 8. Radiometric Age Dating. a. What are the three different particles given off by radioactive decay of isotopes? What happens to the isotopes in the process? Explain. b. Thorium-232 decays to form lead-208 by a 10-step reaction in this order a, ß, ß, a, a, a, a, ß, ß, a. In the same form as shown for the 92U238 to 82Pb206 reaction (see Figure 10.5), show this for the 90Th232 to 82Pb208 reaction. c. Calculate the value of λ, the decay constant, for U238/pb206, U235/Pb207, and Th232/Pb208. Include the correct units for λ. d. What is the half-life for carbon-14? How many half-lives occur in 50,000 years, the limit of age dating by this method? What fraction of the origi- nal C¹4 remains after 50,000 years? (Calculate as accurately as possible.) e. Why is Rb-Sr dating more accurate in dating some metamorphic rocks if muscovite is used rather than biotite? Explain. What is meant by "resetting the clock" in this respect? If a muscovite sample indicated an age of 138 million years and a biotite sample from the same rock indicated 122 million years, what does this indicate relative to the previ- ous question? Explain. overall history o g. How is the clay the age of sedin with this radion h. Relative to C14 and rocks bein carbon dates r i. How are fissic materials is b j. How do we k twice as muc it currently volcanic eru if any? Expla 9. Great Span of Geologic Time a. In the text, logic events compariso ings. How Willis (Sea Building in compariso more way b. Why is it human ti Why mus neering g does the erations 10. Geologic M Figure 10.7 are the Sim Jacobville a. What is interval b. In what determ c. Are the
Transcribed Image Text:world. How were estimates on the age of the Ear made using these considerations? What values were obtained? 7. Geologic Time. Refer to Table 10.1 for assistance. a. How long was the Mesozoic era? The Paleozoic era? b. How many years elapsed between the end of the Cambrian and the beginning of the Permian? How long was it between the beginning of the Eocene and the end of the Miocene? How long did it take for Mississippian rocks to form? c. What percentage of the age of the Earth is repre- sented by Precambrian time? By the Cenozoic era? d. Humans first appeared on Earth about 2 million years ago and recorded history consists of the last 10,000 years. What percentage of the age of the Earth do each of these represent? 8. Radiometric Age Dating. a. What are the three different particles given off by radioactive decay of isotopes? What happens to the isotopes in the process? Explain. b. Thorium-232 decays to form lead-208 by a 10-step reaction in this order a, ß, ß, a, a, a, a, ß, ß, a. In the same form as shown for the 92U238 to 82Pb206 reaction (see Figure 10.5), show this for the 90Th232 to 82Pb208 reaction. c. Calculate the value of λ, the decay constant, for U238/pb206, U235/Pb207, and Th232/Pb208. Include the correct units for λ. d. What is the half-life for carbon-14? How many half-lives occur in 50,000 years, the limit of age dating by this method? What fraction of the origi- nal C¹4 remains after 50,000 years? (Calculate as accurately as possible.) e. Why is Rb-Sr dating more accurate in dating some metamorphic rocks if muscovite is used rather than biotite? Explain. What is meant by "resetting the clock" in this respect? If a muscovite sample indicated an age of 138 million years and a biotite sample from the same rock indicated 122 million years, what does this indicate relative to the previ- ous question? Explain. overall history o g. How is the clay the age of sedin with this radion h. Relative to C14 and rocks bein carbon dates r i. How are fissic materials is b j. How do we k twice as muc it currently volcanic eru if any? Expla 9. Great Span of Geologic Time a. In the text, logic events compariso ings. How Willis (Sea Building in compariso more way b. Why is it human ti Why mus neering g does the erations 10. Geologic M Figure 10.7 are the Sim Jacobville a. What is interval b. In what determ c. Are the
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