B Phenotypic trait (2) Phenotypic trait (z) Phenotypic trait (z) Identify the type of selection indicated by the three graphs. O A = stabilizing selection; B = directional selection; C = disruptive selection O A = directional selection; B = disruptive selection; C = stabilizing selection O A = directional selection; B = stabilizing selection; C = disruptive selection O A = disruptive selection; B = stabilizing selection; C = directional selection

Artificial selection is when people selectively choose individuals with a certain desired trait to use as parents of the next generation. It is done to domesticated (or semi-domesticated) organisms. It has produced such monstrosities as bubble-eyed goldfish, revealing the potential for selection acting on heritable variation to produce varieties appearing very different than their ancestors. How is that different from natural selection? (Select all that apply) A- In artificial selection, humans directly cause new mutations to occur, whereas natural selection relies on mutations that occur randomly over time. B- Artificial selection can lead to organisms that would be unfit to survive in the wild, whereas natural selection usually makes the population better adapted. C- Artificial selection is directed ahead of time towards an intentional goal; not so with natural selection. D- Really, they are exactly the same process. Both cause what seems to be design without a designer. E-…

In a population of frogs, individuals with green coloration are camouflaged on leaves and are less likely to be eaten by predators. However, as the number of green frogs increases, predators learn to search for them more effectively, making it advantageous to be a less common color. What type of selection is occurring in this scenario? Disruptive selection 8888 Positive frequency-dependent selection Stabilizing selection Negative frequency-dependent selection Directional selection

Which of the following is NOT true of stabilising selection a. it occurs when inidivuals with extreme trait values have lower fitness than those with intermediate trait values. b. it keeps the mean close (or moves it closer) to the optimum value c. it can result from opposing directional selection, such as when early flowering makes flowers susceptible to herbivores, but late flowering reduces the availability of pollinators. d. it does not improve the fitness of the population to the environment. e. it decreases the range of variation in the population

You study a group of wombats for your honours thesis. You find in your very large population samples a non-synonymous mutation at intermediate frequency (p = 0.45). After years of work, you find that both alleles (the mutant and the non-mutant) are maintained in the population. Whose theory is your %3D work MOST CONSISTENT with? The Balance School of Ford and Dobzhansky Lamarck's inheritance of acquired characteristics Haldane's theory on mutation-selection balance Kimura's Neutral Theory

A hypothetical population has two alleles for a “B" gene: B1 and B2. In a random sample of 50 diploid zygotes (for a total of 100 alleles), the following genotypes were found: 20 B1B1, 20 B1B2, and 10 B2B2 The above values represent the initial genotype frequencies of zygotes in the population. Let's say that selection acts against the B2 allele, and all 10 individuals with B2B2 genotype die off before reaching maturity (leaving 0 B2B2 individuals). (The number of surviving adults in the population is 40, so the number of alleles is 80). What is the new observed frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype? O A. 0.10 О В. О.70 O C. 0.25 O D.0.50 O E. 0.75

Considering the Hardy-Weinberg theorem’s assumptions, which of the following statements is NOT correct?  (Recall that there are certain assumptions that must be true in order for the Hardy-Weinberg theorem to accurately predict genotype ratios in the next generation.)a) The population must be very large so there random genetic drift will not occur.b) No natural selection can occur.c) Mating must be random.d) Individuals must migrate into and out of the population so that gene flow will occur.e) Mutations must not occur.

Which of the following comparisons of relative fitness for the M locus would most likely result in the fixation (frequency of 1 ) of the M allele after many generations of evolution. A. w(MM) = w(Mm) < w(mm) B. w(MM) < w(Mm) > w(mm) C. w(MM) = w(Mm) = w(mm) D. w(MM) > w(Mm) = w(mm)

Becca loves German Shepherds and wants to have one as a pet. She locates a breeder and agrees to purchase one of the puppies. Which type of selection occurs from this type of human intervention?         directional selection         stabilizing selection         disruptive selection         artificial selection

You are examining the gene in your snail population that confers resistance to a parasite. There are multiple alleles at this locus. Identify the characteristics that would result in the greatest increase in allele frequency (not necessarily the greatest allele frequency) in one single generation of the resistant allele. Answer Resistant allele acts… Initial resistant allele frequency… Selection strength is… a. dominantly high weak b. recessively low strong c. dominantly low strong d. recessively high weak   a. Answer a.   b. Answer b.   c. Answer c.   d. Answer d.