b) A steel pipe of 100mm bore and 7mm thickness transports steam at 260 °C. The pipe is insulated with 40mm of a molded high temperature diatomaceous earth covering. This covering is in turn insulated with 60mm of asbestos. If the atmospheric temperature is 25 °C, calculate the rate at which heat is lost by the steam per meter length of the pipe.
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- c) A steel pipe of 100 mm bore, and 10 mm bore thickness, carrying dry saturated steam at 28 bars, is insulated with a 40 mm layer of moulded insulation. This insulation in turn is insulated with a 60 mm layer of felt. The atmospheric temperature is 15 °C. Calculate: (i) the rate of heat loss by the steam per metre pipe length. (ii) the temperature of the outside Dimensions in mm surface.zzzzzzz h₂-15 W/m²K Steel k₁=50 W/mK AVALEHT Ø100 1₂ " Steam 28 bar h-550 W/m²K, Inner heat transfer coefficient = 550 W/m² K Outer heat transfer coefficient = 15 W/m² K Thermal conductivity of steel = 50 W/m K Thermal conductivity of felt = 0.07 W/m K Moulded insulation Felt Moulded insulation K₂=0.09 W/mK Thermal conductivity of moulded insulation = 0.09 W/m 40 10. A 60 15°C Felt K₁=0.07 W/mK zzzzzzzz. Estimate the heat-transfer rate per foot of length from a 0.02-in. diameter nichrome wire immersed in water at 240F. The wire temperature is 2200F. 2. Two thousand watts of electrical energy are to be dissipated through copper plates measuring 5 cm by 10 cm by 0.6 cm immersed in water at 390 K. How many plates would you recommend? Substantiate all of the design criteria used.Volumetric expansion coefficients of simple materials are often well cataloged. However, the thermal expansion coefficient B of a human body is less well known. This could affect the human body's specific gravity and, therefore, measurements of its body-fat ratio. Suppose that a human body of weight wo on dry land is placed on a scale while completely immersed in formaldehyde of temperature T1- Once the temperature increases by AT, the scale reading drops by Aw. Derive an expression for ß in terms of AT, wo, and Aw by assuming that the ratio of the density of formaldehyde ef and the initial density of the body Po is R = Pf/pb. Assume also that pf does not change when heated. B = %3D If the body weighs 237.2 lb on dry land and his weight reading lowers by 0.237 lb when the formaldehyde is heated from 63.40 °F to 82.80 °F, calculate the coefficient of volume expansion of the body.* Assume R = 0.820. 1/°C B =
- To ensure a tight fit, the aluminum rivet used in airplane construction are made slightly larger than the rivet holes and cooled by dry ice (solid CO2) before being driven. If the diameter of a hole is 0.500 cm, what should be the diameter of a rive at 20 degree Celsius if its diameter is equal that of a hole when the rivet is cooled to -78 degree Celsius, the temperature of dry ice? Assume the coefficient of expansion to remain constant. (Given and solutions)3.6 Heat losses through windows in buildings are substantial. What would be the percentage reduction in heat loss that would be mitigated by replacing a window containing a single pane of glass with (a) double-pane low-E insulating glass or (b) a 3-inch-thick sheet of expanded polystyrene sheet? The quoted R values for these items are: • single pane of glass: 0.90 ft 2 hr ° F/Btu, • double pane of low-E insulating glass: 2.3 ft 2 hr ° F/Btu, • 1-inch-thick sheet of polystyrene sheet: 4.0 ft 2 hr ° F/Btu.Metal spheres, 10 mm in diameter, are to be annealed by heating them to 827°C then allowing them to cool slowly in air at 27°C to the point where they are in thermal equilibrium with the air. 2000 balls are annealed in one hour’s time. What is the total rate of their heat transfer if they are made of steel, lead, or copper? a.Sketch the problem. b.Draw lines identifying the control volume, or control mass. c.Identify the states with numbers, letters, or descriptions such as “in” and “out”. d.Write down the knowns and unknowns. e.Identify what is being asked for. f.State all assumptions.
- a) First, let's start with the steady-state analysis for the cable. What is the steady-state temperature of the wire surface if this current has been passing through the cable for a long period of time in these underwater conditions? Enter only a numeric value (with no units entered) and express your answer in ∘C. b) Now, let's think about the transient case. Assume that the cable starts at the same uniform temperature as the water and then the electrical current is passed through the cable. We're now interested in the amount of time it takes to heat up. Start by calculating the Biot number for this scenario. Enter only a numeric value (your answer should be unitless). c)An oil storage tank has 20mm steel walls covered with 50mm of fiber glass insulation. if the oil temperature is kept at 150 degree Celsius, what is the rate of heat loss when the outside temperature is 20 degree Celsius and external air coefficient is 20W/m². How much would the heat loss be reduced by doubling the thickness of the insulation?A pipe carries hot molten lead from one part of a factory floor to another. The mass flow rate of lead is 0.05 kg/s. While trying to figure out the heat loss from the pipe, you found that over a 2-m length of he pipe the lead temperature drops from 580 C to 557.C. What is the rate at which thermal energy is being lost from the lead carrying pipe in this 2-m section? Use the property table to find out properties of lead as needed.
- Let's say a 3.0 gram copper wafer is dropped from a height of 50.0 meters. If 60% of the potential energy lost in the drop could be converted to thermal energy used to heat the copper from an initial temperature of 25 degrees celsius, what would the final temperature of the copper wafer? Would the answer be different if the wafer has a mass greater than 3 grams? Note: the specific heat of copper is 387 J/(kg*K). The temperature is between 25.8 and 26.0 degrees celsius, yes the bigger the mass the greater the energy. O The temperature is between 25.6 and 25.8 celsius, answer does not depend on mass. O The temperature is between 25.0 and 25.2 celsius, answer does not depend on mass. O The temperature is 25.5 and of course the more mass something has the greater energy will be needed to raise the temperature. The temperature is 26.2 and if the mass is doubled so will be the change in temperature. O The temperature is 25.9 degrees celsius and the answer does not depend on mass. O The…Find the thermal resistance r (in hr - °F/BTU) and the equivalent R-value (in hr ft?. °F/BTU) of a typical frame 20' x 7.5" wall consisting of a 0.5" plaster board on the inside of the room, nominai 2 x 4 studs, and a 0.5" sheathing on the outside. The spaces between the studs are filled with an R-15 insulating foam. What is the heat loss (in BTU) through this wall in four hours if the inside temperature is 72°F and the outside temperature is 32°F? (Assume that the 15% of the wall's area are studs and the remaining 85% is filled with the insulating foam. Assume that the air is moving outside the wall.) r= 0.0805 x hr: OF/BTU R=0.09 x hr ft2. F/BTU AQ = BTU2, The internal diameter of a boiler generating tute is 4in. and the wall thickness is 0.375 in. In operation the external surrace film temperature is 26 Btu/hr . ft².°F, the internal film coefficient is 1700 Btu/hr.ft².°F and a 0.375 in. thickness scale having a conductivity of 0.6 Btu/hr.ft. °F is deposited on the inner surface of the tube. The metal conductivity is 26 Btu/hr.ft. °F, the furnace gas temperature is 2100 °F and the temperature of the water is 500 °F, calculate (a) the overall coefficient of heat transfer for the clean tube, (b) the overall heat transfer coefficient including the effect of the scale, (c) the external tube surface temperature before and after the scale