At the conclusion of the first acyl carrier protein cycle in fatty acid synthesis, acetoacetyl-ACP is reduced twice and dehydrated. Draw the structure of final product of this reaction that moves into the next cycle of the ACP reaction

Glucose-1-phosphate has a higher phosphoryl group transferpotential than does glucose-6-phosphate. Review the structures of these molecules and suggest a reason for thisphenomenon.

Progesterone is a female hormone that plays a critical role in the menstrual cycle by preparing the lining of the uterus for implantation of an egg. During W. S. Johnson's biomimetic synthesis of progesterone (a synthesis that draws inspiration from and mimics naturally occurring, biosynthetic pathways), one of the final reactions in the synthesis was believed to have proceeded via the following intermediate. Use resonance structures to explain why this intermediate is particularly stable. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93,4332-4334). SHAR

Mild hydrolysis of a glycolipid produces an L-glucose molecule and the salt of tetra-decanoate fatty acid. Draw the structure of the glycolipid.

Part B Some nonessential amino acids are synthesized in the body by a simple transamination. The transamination between oxaloacetate, an a-keto acid, and glutamate, a amino acid with the side chain -CH₂CH₂COO proceeds according to the following reaction: OOC-CH₂-C-COO + OOC-CH₂CH₂CH COO OOC-CH₂CH₂-C-COO + amino acid 2 NH₂+ Predict the structure of the amino acid product, indicated by amino acid 2, for the reaction. Draw the molecule on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds), Atoms, and Advanced Template toolbars. The single bond is active by default. Include all hydrogen atoms and formal charges.

Draw the products that would be produced from phospholipase C cleavage of a glycerophospholipid with a phosphoserine head group, an alpha linoleic acid attached to C2 of glycerol and a linoleic acid attached to C, of glycerol. Draw these products at pH=1. Be sure to number the fatty acid carbons in your products.

Draw the structure of the a-keto acid formed by removal of the amino group during the catabolism of leucine. Note: Reference the Naturally-occurring amino acids table for additional information. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. x

Draw a diagram of the aspartic acid side chain in the protonated and unprotonated states. Calculate the ratio of the protonated and unprotonated forms of this side chain that would exist at pH 7 (assume pKa = 4).

Starting from glutamine + aspartate + glycine + CO + N-formyl-THF + ribose-5-P: How many ATP equivalents (GTP is an ATP equivalent) are required for the synthesis of the purine nucleotide ATP?

Trans-fatty acids are synthetic forms of fatty acids made from altered unsaturated fatty acids. Trans-fatty acids are denser, solid at room temperature, and store more energy in the same unit of volume than unsaturated fatty acids. The production of trans-fatty acids involves the reorientation of one of the hydrogen atoms attached to a double-bonded car- bon atom, as illustrated in the figure below. unsaturated fatty acid OHHHHH HOC CCCC-c II I I HHHH trans-fatty acid |||| Molecular model of an unsaturated and trans-fatty acid Based on the structures shown above, H -C-C-C-C-C-H HHHHH TTTTT !!!!! HHHHH OHHHHH | ! ! ! ! ! HO-C-C-C-C-c-c IIII HHHH H HHHHH H HH III C-C-C-H I (a) Identify one property of all fatty acids. (b) Describe one of the functions of fatty acids in living systems. (c) Explain how the reorientation of the hydrogen atom as shown in the image allows the trans- fatty acids to be denser and solid at room temperature. Respond to each part in 3 to 5 complete sentences.