Assume a pH gradient of 4.0 units across a thylakoid membrane, with the lumen more acidic than the stroma. What is the longest wavelength of light that could provide enough energy per photon to pump one proton against this gradient, assuming a 20% efficiency in photosynthesis and T = 25 °C?
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- Assume a pH gradient of 4.0 units across a thylakoid membrane, with the lumen more acidic than the stroma.What is the standard free energy change per mol O2 produced? How does this compare to the energy required to drive the synthesis of ATP?Calculate the free energy change for moving a proton from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma when ΔpH = 3.4, ΔΨ = 0, and T = 25°C.Under conditions of very high light intensity, excess absorbed solar energy is dissipated by the action of photoprotective proteins in the thylakoid membrane. Explain why it is advantageous for these proteins to be activated by buildup of the proton gradient across the membrane.
- Thylakoids were isolated from chloroplasts and incubated in the dark in an acidic solution (pH 4) to equilibrate the pH. After 30 minutes, the thylakoids were transferred to a basic solution (pH 8) and kept in the dark. Will this system produce ATP? Explain. Will this system produce G3P? Explain.In cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must bepassed through the cycle to pump enough protons to generate one ATP.Assuming that the ∆G for hydrolysis of ATP under conditions existing inthe chloroplast is about -50 kJ/mol, what is the corresponding percent efficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation, using light of 700 nm?In a photosynthetic investigation, a student measured the following pH of the stroma and the inner thylakoid compartments of spinach leaf cells at the conclusion of the experiment. Source of Fluid pH (mean) Standard Error of Mean (SEM) Stroma 8.2 0.75 Inner compartment of thylakoid 5.6 0.35 Explain the reason for the differences in pH between the stroma and the thylakoid lumen.
- In cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must be passed through the cycle to pump enough protons to gener- ate one ATP. Assuming that the AG for hydrolysis of ATP under con- ditions existing in the chloroplast is about –50 kJ/mol, what is the corresponding percent efficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation, using light of 700 nm?In a photosynthetic investigation, a student measured the following pH of the stroma and the inner thylakoid compartments of spinach leaf cells at the conclusion of the experiment. Source of Fluid pH (mean) Standard Error of Mean (SEM) Stroma 8.2 0.75 Inner compartment of thylakoid 5.6 0.35 Describe the stages of photosynthesis. Explain the need for a constant supply of inorganic carbon dioxide.In cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must be passed through the cycle to pump enough protons to generate one ATP. Assuming that the ΔG for hydrolysis of ATP under conditions existing in the chloroplast is about -50 kJ/mol, what is the corresponding percent efficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation, using light of 700 nm?
- Draw a basic drawing of a thylakoid membrane that is actively engaged in chemiosmosis and mark the two compartments it divides. Add the ATP synthase complex, indicate the proton gradient, and define which compartment ATP is generated in.Draw a simple sketch illustrating a thylakoid membrane that is actively involved in chemiosmosis and label the two compartments it separates. Add the ATP synthase complex, indicate the proton gradient, and specify inwhich compartment ATP is synthesized.If plants described in problem 4 are illuminated by a combination of light of 680 nm and 700 nm, the oxygen production exceeds that of either wavelength alone. Explain.