Assume a cell undergoes the Aerobic Respiration option of catabolism. Calculate the number of ATP molecules that it could theoretically generate if it starts with each of the following molecules. 4. a) A dipeptide containing a 4-carbon amino acid and a 5-carbon amino acid b)A 20-unit polypeptide (each unit = a 2-carbon amino acid) c)one glycerol molecule

If each NADH generates 3 ATP molecules and each FADH2 generates 2 ATP molecules, calculate the number of ATP molecules generated from one saturated 10-carbon fatty acid.

Give correct handwritten answer

Calculate the number of ATP harvested from complete oxidation (breakdown) of an 18 carbon fatty acid?

Within a cell, the complete breakdown of glucose to generate ATP occurs by two fundamentally different mechanisms.  Name and briefly describe these mechanisms.

Rat heart muscle operating aerobically fills more than 90% of its ATP needs by oxidative phosphorylation. If each gram of tissue consumes O2 at the rate of 12.0 micromol/min, with glucose as the fuel source. (a) Calculate the rate at which the heart muscle consumes glucose and produces ATP. (b) Consider an alternate scenario – what would be the rate of consumption if the energy source was a solely triglycerides whose fatty acyl chains were each 14-C in length and saturated? (Assume the O2 consumption rate remains at 12.0 micromol/min) (c)  For a steady-state concentration of ATP of 6.0 micromol/g of heart muscle tissue, calculate the time required (in seconds) to completely turn over the cellular pool of ATP if glucose us used as the sole fuel source. What does this result indicate about the need for tight regulation of ATP production? (Note: Concentrations are expressed as micromoles per gram of muscle tissue because the tissue is mostly water.)

Explain what are the main differences in the cellular location of the sets of chemical reactions known as aerobic catabolism. How and why are the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation coupled?

Fatty acid chains after subjected to degradative enzymes in the intestines are hydrolyzed (hydrolysis) into 2 Carbon acetic acid fragments (Each fragment becomes an acetyl Co-A molecule). What stage of cellular respiration will this product of lipolysis enter?  How many ATP can one fragment produce in cellular respiration?

How does the cost of storing glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) as glycogen differ from the answer you obtainedin Question 7 if G6P were used for energy in aerobic metabolism?

What if glycolysis begins with glucose 6-phosphate as the startingmaterial? What would the net equation be and how would this effect glycolysis and the cell?