Are the two graphs below equal? Are they isomorphic? If they are isomorphic, give the isomorphism. If not, explain. Graph 1: V = {a,b, c, d, e}, E = {{a,b}, {a,c},{a,e}, {b,d}, {b, e},{c,d}}. Graph 2: a d C

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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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**Educational Website Content**

**Graph Theory: Equality and Isomorphism**

**Question:**
Are the two graphs below equal? Are they isomorphic? If they are isomorphic, give the isomorphism. If not, explain.

**Graph 1:**

- **Vertices (V):** \{a, b, c, d, e\}
- **Edges (E):** \{\{a, b\}, \{a, c\}, \{a, e\}, \{b, d\}, \{b, e\}, \{c, d\}\}

**Graph 2:**

- **Diagram Description:**
  - The graph is drawn with vertices labeled \(a, b, c, d, e\).
  - Edges are as follows:
    - \(a\) connects to \(b\) and \(e\).
    - \(b\) connects to \(e\) and \(d\).
    - \(c\) connects to \(d\) and \(a\).

**Analysis:**

- **Equality:**
  - Two graphs are equal if they have the same set of vertices and edges. Here, the representation suggests different layouts, so an analysis of isomorphic properties is necessary to determine equality in structure.

- **Isomorphism:**
  - To determine isomorphism, each vertex and its connecting edges in Graph 1 must correspond to a similar structure in Graph 2. 
  - By inspection, the mapping \(f(a) = e, f(b) = d, f(c) = c, f(d) = a, f(e) = b\) can form a proper correspondence between graphs if edge connectivity matches.
  
This mapping shows that Graph 1 and Graph 2 can be rearranged to be the same network structure through an isomorphism, which maintains structural properties like connectivity and vertex degree.
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Website Content** **Graph Theory: Equality and Isomorphism** **Question:** Are the two graphs below equal? Are they isomorphic? If they are isomorphic, give the isomorphism. If not, explain. **Graph 1:** - **Vertices (V):** \{a, b, c, d, e\} - **Edges (E):** \{\{a, b\}, \{a, c\}, \{a, e\}, \{b, d\}, \{b, e\}, \{c, d\}\} **Graph 2:** - **Diagram Description:** - The graph is drawn with vertices labeled \(a, b, c, d, e\). - Edges are as follows: - \(a\) connects to \(b\) and \(e\). - \(b\) connects to \(e\) and \(d\). - \(c\) connects to \(d\) and \(a\). **Analysis:** - **Equality:** - Two graphs are equal if they have the same set of vertices and edges. Here, the representation suggests different layouts, so an analysis of isomorphic properties is necessary to determine equality in structure. - **Isomorphism:** - To determine isomorphism, each vertex and its connecting edges in Graph 1 must correspond to a similar structure in Graph 2. - By inspection, the mapping \(f(a) = e, f(b) = d, f(c) = c, f(d) = a, f(e) = b\) can form a proper correspondence between graphs if edge connectivity matches. This mapping shows that Graph 1 and Graph 2 can be rearranged to be the same network structure through an isomorphism, which maintains structural properties like connectivity and vertex degree.
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