Archaea (formerly known as archaebacteria) is one of the three major divisions of living organisms; the other two are eubacteria and eukaryotes. Nanoarchaeum equitans is in the Archaea domain and has one of the smallest genomes known, about 0.5 Mb. How can an organism complete its life cycle with so little genetic material?

Identify which kingdom the organism belongs to and give the common name I live on your skin. If given the chance, I will cause serious infections. I grow in colonies that look like bunches of grapes, but I’m a single-celled organism. I have DNA, but not in a nucleus. I’m a _____________   I live in super salty environments where no other creature can live. I’m single-celled. My DNA is not in a nucleus. I’m a ____________________.   I’m found in the sea. I’m multicellular and can be 100 feet or more in length. I’m greenish and turn sunlight into food. While I have leaf-like and root-like body segments, I’m never found living on land. I’m a ____________________.   I’m large, green, and leafy. I make seeds that animals like to eat. My chloroplasts make my food. I’m a ____________________.   I live on land, but have to stay in moist places. I have a cuticle that protects me from drying out. I’m photosynthetic. I’m a ____________________.   I look like white fuzz with black dots…

Imagine you are working in a lab and studying three species of yeast, which are eukaryotic organisms. The first species (Species A) of yeast generates ATP using aerobic cellular respiration. The second species of yeast (Species B) generates ATP using alcohol fermentation. The third species of yeast (Species C) generates ATP using lactic acid fermentation. Which of the following statements are true? All of the other answers are true. Only Species A can grow without oxygen. Species B needs to use 15-16 molecules of glucose to generate the same amount of ATP that is made by Species A using one molecule of glucose. Species C produces more carbon dioxide than does Species B.

. The endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria from gram-negative prokaryotes is supported by all of the following lines of evidence except: A. the presence of enzymes for the Krebs cycle, electron transport, and oxidative phosphorylation the presence of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA similar to that of the a-proteobacteria the presence of 80s ribosomes, consisting of 40s and 60s ribosomal subunits the presence of circular DNA resembling that of aerobic proteobacteria their use of binary fission rather than mitosis during cell division

Origin of life BACTERIA EUKARYA ARCHAEA Low-GC Gram-positives High-GC Gram-positives Hyperthermophilic bacteria Origin of- mitochondria Hadobacteria Cyanobacteria Spirochetes Chlamydias Proteobacteria -Origin of chloroplasts All eukaryote phyla Thaumarchaeota Crenarchaeota Korarchaeota Euryarchaeota Nanoarchaeota

Bacteria are by far the most numerous organisms on earth.  Some estimates indicate that the total biomass of bacteria is  larger than that of all plants and animals, despite their tiny size.  However, biologists' knowledge of bacteria is very uneven.  In some ways, biologists know more about certain bacteria than we do about most animals, including humans.  In other ways, biologists still know very little about bacteria and the Bacteria Kingdom.  For example, there might be about a million species of bacteria, or there could be billions of different species.   Think about benefits and complications related to the biological study and knowledge of bacteria.  What are some ways in which bacteria are very well-known and/or easy to study?  What are some ways in which bacteria are very poorly-known and/or difficult to study (other than the total number of species).  Discuss how this relates to technology, other developments in biological research, and/or characteristics of the bacteria…

Which features do Archaeans and Eukaryotes have in common: NAPs. f-Met specification by start codons. branched fatty acid tails on phospholipid molecules. complex versions of RNA polymerases.

According to Lynn Margulis's theory of endosymbiosis, bacteria entered large cells either as parasites or as undigested prey as illustrated. All the following are proof that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria, except: Endosymbiosis in a nutshell: 1. Start with two 2. One bacterium engulfs the other. 3. One bacterium now lives inside the other. independent bacteria. 4. Both bacteria benefit from the arrangement. 5. The internal bacteria are passed on from generation to generation. O a they each have a double membrane they have chromosomes similar in shape to their host they are the size of bacteria their DNA is different from its host

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