Archaea (formerly known as archaebacteria) is one of the three major divisions of living organisms; the other two are eubacteria and eukaryotes. Nanoarchaeum equitans is in the Archaea domain and has one of the smallest genomes known, about 0.5 Mb. How can an organism complete its life cycle with so little genetic material?

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Archaeal cell structure

Bacteria and archaea are two different prokaryotic domains that, along with eukarya, make up the three domains of life. Archaeal organisms can be found all over the biosphere. Many genera are extremophiles, meaning they thrive in extreme environments such as extremely high temperatures, high salinity, or pH extremes. Bacterial and archaeal cells are characterized by the absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.