and membrane potentials involved? 3. How can the brain interpret action potentials from different stimuli into meaningful integration? In other words how does the brain distinguish between different pitches of sound or distinguish between pain and heat signalsI 4. Briefly describe how action potentials are produced from mechanoreceptors, photorecentors and chemorecentorr

Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/occipital) to learn more about a transverse section through the brain that depicts the visual pathway from the eye to the occipital cortex. The first half of the pathway is the projection from the RGCs through the optic nerve to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus on either side. This first fiber in the pathway synapses on a thalamic cell that then projects to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe where seeing, or visual perception, takes place. This video gives an abbreviated overview of the visual system by concentrating on the pathway from the eyes to the occipital lobe. The video makes the statement (at 0:45) that specialized cells in the retina called ganglion cells convert the light rays into electrical signals. What aspect of retinal processing is simplified by that statement? Explain your answer.

ordings 2. What is meant by sensory transduction and how are ions and membrane potentials involved? ine E- 3. How can the brain interpret action potentials from different stimuli into meaningful integration? In other words how does the brain distinguish between Library different pitches of sound or distinguish between pain and heat signals?

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eing able to explain how sensory neurons transduce signals reinforces your general understanding of how neurons work. Answer the following questions about transduction in sensory cells. Touch neurons are stimulated by_____which causes the opening of______gated ion channels. These cell fire______

O bluedoor, LLC Reflex Arc 2. Using the provided word list below, label the lettered structures. Receptor Sensory neuron Integration center Motor neuron Effector sensory integrating center receptor. afferent pathway efferent pathway effector D. A. E. B. C. Laboratory 15 Nervous System: Reflexes 333

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Regulates direct. pathway SNC Regulates indirect pathway SNr Show Transcribed Text Cortex ++ ++ Indirect pathway Direct pathway Striatum GPe + Subthalamus GPi Descending motor pathways + Thalamus What would happen to the cortical output to motor pathways if the projections from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) that regulate the direct pathway were overactive? A. Decrease B. No change C. Increase What would happen to the cortical output to motor pathways if the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) was overactive? A. Decrease B. No change C. Increase What would happen to the cortical output to motor pathways if the projection from the striatum to the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) was underactive? A. Decrease B. No change C. Increase

Please ASAP. Thank you. 1. The insular lobe is mainly involved in a. Gustation and visceral sensory-motor functions b. The vomeronasal olfactory system c. Sharpening of frequencies tuning in the auditory system d.  Control of motor systems 2. What is a receptor (generator) potential? a.  A potential that is generated by the sensory stimulus b.  A change in the membrane potential of the receptor cell caused by a physical stimulus c.  Compound nerve action potential d.  A change in the membrane potential of the ascending axon

Please ASAP. Thankyou