An orifice meter with orifice diameter 15 cm is inserted in a pipe of 30 cm diameter. The pressure gauges fitted upstream and downstream of the orifice meter give readings of 14.715 N/cm2 and 9.81 N/cm2 respectively. Find the rate of flow of water through the pipe in litres/s. Take Cd = 0.6.

Fundamental of fluid flow: A venturi meter with a throat diameter of 6 cm is fitted in a horizontal pipeline of 12 cm diameter with oil of specific gravity 0.88 flowing from left to the right. The difference in level in the two limbs of a mercury manometer connected to the tapping points read 12 cm and the connecting pipes are filled with the same oil. (a) If two pressure gauges are fitted at tapping points, one at the throat and the other in the inlet. Determine the difference between the 2 gage pressure readings in kPa. (b) Determine the flow in m^3/s neglecting head losses.

Only handwritten no Chatgpt.