Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696527
Author: J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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- 2. Combustion of fuels with air at high temperatures can produce nitrogen/oxygen compounds (NOx) as unwanted by products. Because these compounds are pollutants, they must be removed, and one process for doing so is called selective catalytic reduction (SCR). A researcher claims to have developed a new SCR catalyst that uses ammonia (NH3) as a reactant to convert NO into nitrogen and water via the reaction: 6NO(g) + 4NH3(g) ---> 5N₂(g) + 6H₂O(g) We are working on the design for a process using this reaction in which 120 mol/hr of an equimolar mixture of NO and NH3 (i.e., 60 mol/hr NO and 60 mol/hr NH3) at 450°C is fed to the reactor. We may assume that the reaction goes to completion in the limiting reactant. The reactor is jacketed to maintain the temperature at 450°C, and we may assume that the pressure is held constant at 1 Atm. Use the following constant heat capacities for the gases: (a) (b) I (c) [ Species NO (g) NH3(g) N₂ (g) H₂O (g) Cp (J/mol K) 30.5 37.0 29.1 34.2 Determine…arrow_forward2. Combustion of fuels with air at high temperatures can produce nitrogen/oxygen compounds (NOx) as unwanted by products. Because these compounds are pollutants, they must be removed, and one process for doing so is called selective catalytic reduction (SCR). A researcher claims to have developed a new SCR catalyst that uses ammonia (NH3) as a reactant to convert NO into nitrogen and water via the reaction: 6NO(g) + 4NH3(g) ---> 5N2(g) + 6H₂O(g) We are working on the design for a process using this reaction in which 120 mol/hr of an equimolar mixture of NO and NH3 (i.e., 60 mol/hr NO and 60 mol/hr NH3) at 450°C is fed to the reactor. We may assume that the reaction goes to completion in the limiting reactant. The reactor is jacketed to maintain the temperature at 450°C, and we may assume that the pressure is held constant at 1 Atm. Use the following constant heat capacities for the (a) (b) | (c) [ Species NO (g) NH3(g) N₂ (g) H₂O (g) gases: C₂ (J/mol K) 30.5 37.0 29.1 34.2 Determine…arrow_forwardAs reported in US Patent 4203923, cyclohexanone is an important chemical raw material in the production of nylon intermediates. The separation and purification section for cyclohexanone production usually done through a series of distillation units. Liquid mixture of cyclohexanone (1) and phenol (2) was reported to exist in equilibrium with its vapor at 144 °C (417.15K). The system conforms closely to Modified Raoult’s Law. The mixture forms azeotrope at composition of 0.695. (Refer Table) (a) Provide a sketch that clearly shows that the system exhibits azeotrope(α12)x1=0 = P1sat eA / P2sat and (α12)x1=1 = P1sat / P2sat eA (b) State Paz and sketch a P-xy diagram of the systemarrow_forward
- You are in a research & development team responsible for generating preliminary data for the following gas-phase reaction: CO₂(g)+ 4H₂ (g) → 2 H₂O (g) + CH.(g) The reaction occurs over a catalyst at a reactor pressure of 1 atm and 500 C and goes essentially to completion. Use the following heat capacities data for your calculation: CO₂ (g): H₂ (g): H₂O (g): CH₁ (g): Cp=0.0451 kJ/mol C Cp = 0.0291 kJ/mol C Cp = 0.0358 kJ/mol C Cp=0.0487 kJ/mol C a) Calculate the standard heat of reaction (kJ/mol). (-165.01 kJ/mol) b) If the gases enter and leave the reactor at 1 atm and 500 C, what is the heat of reaction at 500 C (i.e. Ê, at 500 C) in kJ/mol. Assume the reactants are fed in stoichiometric amounts. (-184.63 kJ/mol)arrow_forwardThe equilibrium constant for the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to give ammonia is 0.118 at 745 K. The balanced equilibrium equation is as follows: N2(g) + 3H₂(g) = 2NH3(g) What is Kp for this reaction at the same temperature? (R: 0.082 L atm/mol.K)arrow_forwardQ2. Consider a fuel which is an equimolar mixture (1 mole each) of propane (C3Hs) and methane (CH4). (a) Write the complete stoichiometric combustion reaction for this fuel with air (b) Determine the stoichiometric A/F ratio of this fuel (C) Estimate the maximum flame temperature using average specific heat cp at 1200 K. Assume the boiler using this fuel operates at 1 atm and the reactants enter at 298 K. AH(C3H8) -103,847 kJ/kmol. AHCHA)-74,831 kJ/kmol AH (H20) =-241,847 kJ/kmol, AH'r(co2) - 393,546 kJ/kmol, CP120-43.87 kJ/kmol.K Cpco2 = 56.20 kJ/kmol.K. Cps2 = 33.71 kJ/kmol.Karrow_forward
- The equilibrium constant with respect to temperature can be expressed for the reaction: Cyclohexane (g)! <--> methylcyclopentane (g) as: LnK = 4.814-2059/T. If placed to react 3 moles cyclohexane in a 5 liter container at a certain temperature and when equilibrium is reached, 8000 J of heat is released, Calculate the temperature of the container.arrow_forwardSolve correctly please need all parts.arrow_forward13.7 mole Boron Trichloride (BCl3) enter a reactor with 52.4 mole water for the following reaction: BCl3 + 3 H2O → H3BO3 + 3 HCl 18.2 mole HCl are formed. Calculate the fractional conversion of the limiting reactant.Note: fractional conversions go from 0 to 1arrow_forward
- Two perfectly mixed vessels of 10 liters each and both at 1 atm and 120 °C are respectively filled with n-butanol C4H9OH and air. At time t = 0, the two vessels are via a pipe connected to each other at 120 °C and 1 atm. This pipe has a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 1 cm. No reaction occurs during the mixing of the gases. All performing gas phases are assumed to be ideal. For the calculation of the molecular diffusivity, the Fuller's equation used. How long does it take for the partial pressure of n-butanol in the air vessel to reach 0.01 atm (in h)? Hints for the second part: - at any time point (so also at t= 0) forms the formula derived in the course for equimolar counter-diffusion under steady state conditions is a good approximation for the occurring flux. - at any time holds that c(butanol, vessel 1) = 31 mol/m3 - c(butanol, vessel 2) with the two concentrations in mol/m3 answer: t = 2.45 harrow_forward2. Consider the following reaction: CO) +=O=COz) s) Find AH (kJ/mol) of the reaction at 298 K and 1 bar (b) ›) Determine the spontaneity of the reaction in a furnace operating at 2000 K where the partial pressures of the compounds are: Compound iP (bar) CO(R) O₂(g) CO2(g) Consider that for this reaction AG2000k = -111 kJ/mol 0.05 2.00 2.50arrow_forwardA batch process is operated with the following sequence. The feed to the batch process consists of a solution of 500 L of ethanol with 120 mole of A and 120 mole of B. If the temperature of the solution is sufficient, A and B will react to form P (the desired product): A (eth) + B (eth) → P (s) DHreact = − 250 kJ/mol (1) product P is sparingly soluble in ethanol, which helps facilitate its removal from the reaction solution. It can be assumed that the reaction rate is first-order in both the concentration of A (cA ) and B (cB ), and so second-order overall: -r A = k c A cB (2) The batch process consists of the following FOUR steps: Initially, the tank is empty. 1. Fill tank with solution (ethanol/A/B). 50°C (1 hour) Increase temperature of the feed from 20°C to 2. Reaction takes place isothermally at 50°C (4 hours, to give conversion of 50%) 3. Filtration of reaction solution to give product P (2 hours) 4. Drying with hot nitrogen gas followed by the removal of powder product (3…arrow_forward
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