An illness with an envelope or wrapper around it. In a process known as "sprouting off," the infected cell, or host, produces this membrane. Recently framed virus particles are "encompassed" or encased by an exterior coat formed using a little piece of the phone's plasma film during the maturing system. Endocytosed enveloped viruses exit endosomal compartments during endosome development and fusion with the lysosome for this reason. However, some viruses are able to escape earlier in the process than others.

An illness with an envelope or wrapper around it. In a process known as "sprouting off," the infected cell, or host, produces this membrane. Recently framed virus particles are "encompassed" or encased by an exterior coat formed using a little piece of the phone's plasma film during the maturing system. Endocytosed enveloped viruses exit endosomal compartments during endosome development and fusion with the lysosome for this reason. However, some viruses are able to escape earlier in the process than others.

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter13: Early Life Forms And The Viruses

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3CT

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Concept explainers

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.

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Researchers studying the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also known as COVID-19, have found that the virus is able to circumvent its host cell's normal defenses by leaving the cell via its lyso- somes rather than its normal secretory vesicles, as illustrated in the figure below. endoplasmic reticulum nucleus disrupted lysosomal functions Entry and egress of the SARS-CoV-2 virus A Golgi complex Which of the following best explains their findings? B lysosome (deacidified) С lysosome (acidified) B-coronavirus normal biosynthetic pathway egress via lysosomal trafficking SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysosomes of its host cells by decreasing the pH within them. SARS-CoV-2 activates lysosomes of its host cells by decreasing the pH within them. SARS-CoV-2 activates lysosomes of its host cells by increasing the pH within them. D SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysosomes of its host cells by increasing the pH within them.
A viral envelope performs many of the same physiological roles as the cell membrane of a cell such as enfocytosis or active transport. True or false. Explain Your answer.
Figure 17.6 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?
Virology: What is the difference between sequential and concerted assembly? Herpes viruses sequential assembly and influenza virus concerted .Describe the assembly steps for each virus including important proteins , locations etc
The cell is the basic unit of all living things, and viruses which are generally not considered living but have the ability to infect cells. Describe how the structure of a virus compares to the structure of a cell. You should explain (not list) at least two similarities and two differences between features of cells and viruses including a brief explanation of the function of those structures. Explain why viruses need cells.
Endocytosed enveloped viruses leave endosomal compartments at some point during endosome maturation and fusion with the lysosome. But some types of viruses escape earlier in that process than others. What is one reason why escape might happen at different points?
After replication at the site of entry, some viruses remain localized, while others disseminate. Which of the following does not determine the outcome? Group of answer choices Presence of a lipid membrane on the virion Whether the virus can cross the basement membrane Directional release of virus from polarized cells Establishment of viremia Transport of virions in immune cells
each virus bind to a specific cell surface receptor for attachment, so prevention of viral attachment how would you create a drug which will prevent viral attachment.
All virus particles, in their infectious form, contain which of the following components? Choose all that apply. Group of answer choices Ribosomes Mitochondria Nuclei Cell membranes Nucleic acids encoding genes Protein capsids
All viral genomes contain nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA but not both. Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cell. Viruses must first enter the host cell before viral replication can occur. After gaining entry into a cell, the viral genome has to be first replicated using either the host DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase You are studying two viruses: Virus A is an enveloped RNA virus Virus B is non-enveloped DNA virus Which of the above viruses is likely to have the lowest mutation rate in the host cell? O Virus A because it uses the host RNA polymerase which has lower error rate than DNA polymerase. O Virus A because it uses the host DNA polymerase which has lower error rate than RNA polymerase. O Virus B because it uses the host DNA polymerase which has lower error rate than RNA polymerase. O Virus B because it uses the host RNA polymerase which has lower error rate than DNA polymerase.
Rhinovirus, the most common cause of colds, do not have a lipid envelope. Compared to enveloped viruses these and other nonenveloped viruses tend to remain infectious outside the body longer, are more likely to be spread by contact with surfaces, and are likely to be rendered harmless by exposure to hand sanitizer or hand washing. Explain how the lack of an envelope could contribute to these characteristics.
FIGURE 4. The human protein known as PCNA [proliferating cell nuclear antigen] interacts with the SARS-COV-2 protein M [matrix], one of the molecules that make up the virus's membrane and give it shape. The discovery itself shows one of the ways the pathogen manipulates cell function for its life cycle to proceed. The researcher used what methods to generate the image below.