Influenza virus Nucleus Receptor Epithelial cell The cel engults the virus by endocytosis Influenza vrus beoomes attached to a target epithelial cel New viral particles are made and Viral contents are released. Viral MRNA IS used 10 make vira proteins. released into the extracelular fluid Viral RNA enters the nudeus The cell which is not kiled in the process continues to make new wrus. where it is replicated by the viral RNA polymerase Figure 17.6 In influenza virus infection, glycoproteins attach to a host epithelial cell. As a result, the virus is engulfed. RNA and proteins are made and assembled into new virions. Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?

Q: Certain drugs to combat human viral diseases affect spike glycoproteinsin the viral envelope.…

A: A virus is a very tiny microorganism that does not have the capacity to survive on its own and…

Q: Why are viruses with lipid-containing envelopes relatively susceptible to certain biocides?

A: Virus  Viruses are the infectious particles that contains either DNA or RNA as a genetic material.

Q: As a general rule, viruses are not considered to be alive based on several reasons. One such reason…

A: Viruses are small, microscopic organisms that contain either RNA or DNA as their genetic material.…

Q: Why can a virus multiply?

A: A virus can be defined as a small collection of genetic codes. The genetic material can either be…

Q: What are the functions of the HA and NA spikes?

A: Viruses are obligate parasites. They are  non cellular entities which have their RNA (ribonucleic…

Q: Which of the following is a known characteristic that can lead to genetic changes in some viruses?…

A: viruses need host cell machinery to replicate themselves.

Q: In class, you learned about how some bacteriophages can switch between two different life cycles.…

A: Bacteriophages are the viruses that infect bacteria. Bacteriophage is a cunning virus which…

Q: In some virus,DNA is synthesised by using RNA as template.such a DNA is called?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around…

Q: How does the wavelength of light relate to its energy? What are the two main types of viral…

A: The sun is the ultimate source of energy. Sunlight consist of many waves of lights having different…

Q: For an RNA virus, what is the most important consideration? how to produce its genetic material as…

A: RNA viruses need to replicate RNA. Ten this RNA molecule act as viral mRNA. It is translated…

Q: Why must ( 2 ) strand but not ( 1 ) strand RNA viruses bring their own replicase into a cell?

A: A virus refers to an infectious particle that lacks the replication machinery but can replicate…

Q: what does the lytic cycle let the virus do?

A: Bacteriophage(phage) is defined as a group of viruses where they play a major role infecting the…

Q: Student J and K were arguing about viruses and bacteria. Student K said that it would be easy to…

A: virus and obligate parasites which needs a living host to survive and bacteria are prokaryotic cells…

Q: Even though viruses are known to take over the host cell's metabolism and use the host enzymes for…

A: Viruses show genomic flexibility and almost all RNA viruses are able to change their host mRNA into…

Q: To be considered a virus, a virus MUST… _____be able to insert (recombine) its genes into the main…

A: In the living world, we see a large number of microorganisms, animals and plants. These organisms…

Q: What is the different between bacteria and virus?

A: Microorganisms are widespread organism which may be unicellular, multicellular or exist in clusters.…

Q: Why can viruses not replicate independently of living cells?

A: Introduction  Central Dogma: it is the key mechanism by which DNA can be transcribed into mRNA by…

Q: Symptoms of viral infections are caused by: (choose all that apply) A. Actions of the virus that…

A: Viruses are unicellular organisms with genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, encased in a protein…

Q: FIGURE 4. The human protein known as PCNA [proliferating cell nuclear antigen] interacts with the…

A: The question asked pertains to a recent study on how the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19,…

Q: Is a Virus considered living or non-living? Justify your answer and Give one example of a virus

A: Introduction  Microorganisms known as viruses are infectious agents that are minute in size and…

Q: _____ mRNA is synthesized before replication of the viral nucleic acid.

A: The nucleic acid is the genetic material in the virus. The virus can have either DNA or RNA. Both…

Q: You are a scientist developing a vaccine against a newly discovered animal virus. What part of the…

A: Vaccinations and Immunizations started in the 18th century, with the Smallpox Vaccination, created…

Q: What are the differences of replication of virus and replication of HIV?

A: Virus It is a submicroscopic infectious agent. It can replicate only inside the living cells.…

Q: Which cellular organelle or structure produces viral envelope? O Endoplasmic reticulum. O Free…

A: They are microscopic infectious agent which replicates only inside the living cells of organisms.…

Q: Why would viral genome integration into host cell integration be advantageous to a virus? It…

A: Viruses can be defined as a noncellular entities which consist of either DNA or RNA ,enclosed in a…

Q: How might a bacteriophage be used to treat a bacterial infection? – this question relates to…

A: INTRODUCTION Viruses are obligate parasites that live inside the host cells. The structure of…

Q: what does the lytic cycle let the virus do?

A: Viruses are very picky about selecting hosts and cells within the host they infect. This property of…

Q: use diseases other than AIDS, such as rare types of cancers and

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)  can be defined as the virus that attacks the body's immune…

Q: What do you think is the function of viral lysozyme-like enzyme

A: Lysozyme is an enzyme that is present in bodily secretions like tears, saliva, and milk. It works as…

Q: Why don’t viruses expose their fusion loops prior to entry?

A: ANSWER;- Viral membrane fusion is the process by which encompassed infections enter host cells. It…

Q: Describe the viral replication.

A: The process of duplicating a DNA molecule is known as replication. Each each daughter cell receives…

Q: 2.4 SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person sneezes,…

A: SARS CoV-2 virus is a betacoronavirus.They are enveloped , positive sense ,single stranded RNA virus…

Q: Which of the following events mostly involves hydrolysis reaction after the virus infects a…

A: Question -Which of the following events mostly involves hydrolysis reaction after the virus infects…

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.