Amino acids can be prepared from a-halo carboxylic acids [RCH(X)COOH] by reaction with excess NH3. Why is excess NH3 needed for this reaction?

Which of the following best describes the molecule below? . CHOH H H CH OH H OH OH CH OH OH H. OH B -D-galactopyranosyl-(104)-D-glucopyranose a -D-glucopyranosyl-(102)-D-fructofuranoside a -D-glucopyranosyl-(102)-D-glucofuranoside B -D-galactopyranosyl-(104)-D-fructopyranose

Draw the structures of the following compounds. (Includes both new and old names.) 3-cyclopentylhexan-3-ol

a and b ) Please name the following disaccharide. They are all are D forms. For example, ?−??????????????????−?(1→4)?−?−?????????????[side]

Draw two different possible hydrogen-bonding interactions between two molecules of formamide (HCONH2). Clearly label the hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor atoms. Which of these two possible hydrogen-bonding interactions is more likely to occur? (Hint: Consider resonance structures for formamide.)

Titration of alanine by a strong base, for example NaOH, reveals two pk's. Which is the titration reaction occurring at pK1 (pK1 = %3D 2.34)? O-NH2 + COH →-NH + H2O O-COOH + OH →-CO + H20 -COOH + -NH2 → -COO" + -NH2+ -CoO +-NH2* → -COOH +-NH2 O -NH3* + OH →-NH2 + H2O

In observing a Haworth or cyclohexane-chair representation of alpha-d-glucopyranose, the anomeric carbon can de best identified by: a) the carbon atom which is bonded to the most H atoms b)  the carbon atom which is bonded to the least H atoms   c) The carbon atom which has its OH group pointing down   d) The carbon atom which is bonded to two oxygen atoms Cellulose differs from amylose in that: a) cellulose has 1-6 branches while amylose does not b)  amylose has 1-6 branches while cellulose does not   c)  amylose has alpha glycosidic bonds while cellulose has beta glycosidic bonds   d)  cellulose contains sulfate while amylose does not. The glycosaminoglycan (mucopolysaccharide) which is not normally associated with joint tissue is: a) heparin b)  keratan sulfate  c)  chondroitin sulfate   d)  hyaluronic acid In glycoproteins, which amino acid does not bond sugar molecules? a) Asn  b)  Ser  c)  Thr   d)  Gly Which feature do all lipid molecules share in common? a) fatty acid molecules…

4- Salicylamides are inhibitors for an enzyme called scytalone dehydratase. SAR shows that there are three important hydrogen bonding interactions. Explain whether you think quinazolines could act as a bioisostere for salicylamides. HBA OH O 00 N NHR Quinazolines Salicylamides Ph HBA 5- Structure IX (X = NH) is an inhibitor of a metalloenzyme called thermolysin and forms interactions as shown. Explain why the analogue (X = O) has reduced binding affinity by a factor of 1000 and why the analogue (X = SH) has roughly the same binding affinity. Structure IX H HBD Ala-113 R

For the following monosaccharide, draw the products formed when treated with each reagent. H H -OH HO H HO H H― -OH CH₂OH Part 1 of 2 H2 in the presence of a Pd catalyst. Modify the Fischer projection of the monosaccharide to represent the product. H H -ОН HO H HO H H -OH CH₂OH Part 2 of 2 Benedict's reagent. Modify the Fischer projection of the monosaccharide to represent the product. H H -OH HO -Н HO H H -OH CH₂OH ☐ : G ☐ E ☐: ☑ P G

Identify the functional groups in the following compounds