Alice and Bob are playing a match to see who is the first to win n games, for some fixed n > 0. Suppose Alice and Bob are equally competent, that is, each of them wins a game with probability 1/2. Further, suppose that they have already played i + j games, of which Alice won i and Bob won j. Give an efficient algorithm to compute the probability that Alice will go on to win the match. For example, if i = n − 1 and j = n − 3, then the probability that Alice will win the match is 7/8, since she must win any of the next three games.

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Intelligent Machines

Machines that use artificial intelligence to learn from the environment and past experiences to perform better in the presence of variability and uncertainty are called intelligent machines. Intelligence develops according to environment and experience. It is human-like behavior. When the computer system or any programmed machine learns from the inputs and corresponding outputs, it can be called an intelligent machine.