Air contained within a piston–cylinder assembly undergoes three processes in series: Process 1–2: Compression at constant pressure from p1 = 69 kPa, V1 = 0.11 m3 to state 2. Process 2–3: Constant-volume heating to state 3, where p3 = 345 kPa. Process 3–1: Expansion to the initial state, during which the pressure–volume relationship is pV = constant. Sketch the processes in series on p-V coordinates. Evaluate (a) the volume at state 2, in m3, and (b) the work for each process, in kJ.

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Work and Heat Transfer

It is generally related to thermal engineering which tells about the use, creation, conversion and transfer of heat energy between the systems. It is also considered that to transfer heat from one source to another, transfer of masses is also required. There are various mechanisms by which, transfer of heat takes place i.e. thermal conduction, convection, radiation or by change of phase. All these mechanisms have their own specific features which sometimes occur simultaneously within the same system.