accuracy and precision
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accuracy and precision when tests on materials are performed.
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- Explain the concept of yield strength and its importance in material testing.To stretch a 200 mm long tensile test specimen (a) of steel elastically by 0.08 mm. How many loads do I need to apply? (b) What is the maximum length of this sample without plastic deformation? How long can it be extended? (The modulus of elasticity of steel is 210 GPa, yield strength 580 MPa, tensile strength 920 MPa specified as.A high-yield-strength alloy steel bar with a rectangular cross section that has a width of 37.5 mm, a thickness of 6.25 mm, and a gauge length of 203 mm was tested in tension to rupture, according to ASTM E-8 method. The load and deformation data were as shown in Table Using a spreadsheet program, obtain the following:a. A plot of the stress–strain relationship. Label the axes and show units.b. A plot of the linear portion of the stress–strain relationship. Determine modulus of elasticity using the best-fit approach.c. Proportional limit.d. Yield stress.e. Ultimate strength.f. If the specimen is loaded to 155 kN only and then unloaded, what is the permanent deformation?g. In designing a typical structure made of this material, would you expect the stress applied in (f) safe? Why?
- 1. The following data were obtained during a tension test of an aluminum alloy. The initial diameter of the test specimen was 0.505 in. and the gage length was 2.0 in. Load (lb) 0 2 310 4 640 6 950 9 290 11 600 12 600 Elongation (in.) 0.00220 0.00440 0.00660 0.00880 0.0110 0.0150 Load (lb) 14 000 14 400 14 500 14 600 14 800 14 600 13 600 Elongation (in.) 0.020 0.025 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 Fracture Plot the stress-strain diagram and determine the following mechanical properties: (a) proportional limit; (b) modulus of elasticity; (c) yield point; (d) yield strength at 0.2% offset; (e) ultimate strength; and (f) rupture strength.An aluminum alloy bar with a rectangular cross section that has a width of 12.5 mm, thickness of 6.25 mm, and a gauge length of 50 mm was tested in tension to fracture according to ASTM E-8 method. The load and deformation data were as shown in Table P4.6. Using a spreadsheet program, obtain the following: a. A plot of the stress-strain relationship. Label the axes and show units. b. A plot of the linear portion of the stress-strain relationship. Determine the modulus of elasticity using the best fit approach. c. Proportional limit. d. Yield stress at an offset strain of 0.002 m/m. e. Tangent modulus at a stress of 450 MPa. f. Secant modulus at a stress of 450 MPa. TABLE P4.6 Load (kN) AL (mm) Load (kN) AL (mm) 33.5 1.486 3.3 0.025 35.3 2.189 14.0 0.115 37.8 3.390 25.0 0.220 39.8 4.829 29.0 0.406 40.8 5.961 30.6 0.705 41.6 7.386 31.7 0.981 41.2 8.047 32.7 1.2451. The following data were obtained during a tension test of an aluminum alloy. The initial diameter of the test specimen was 0.505 in., and the gage length was 2.0 in. Load ( Ib) Elongation (in.) Load ( Ib) Elongation (in.) 14000 0.020 2310 0.0022 14400 0.025 4640 0.0044 14 500 0.060 6950 0.0066 14600 0.080 9290 0.0088 14800 0.100 I1 600 0.0110 14600 0.120 13000 0.01 50 13600 Fracture Plot the stress-strain diagram and determine the following mechanical properties: a. proportional limit þ. modulus of elasticity S. vield stress at 0.2% offset d. ultimate stress e. nominal rupture stress.
- In a tensile test, Load and Elongation are Normalized to Engineering Stress and Engineering Strain . Why?With aid of diagram, elaborate on the method to test material hardness using Brinell hardness testThe (G-E) diagram obtained in the tensile test performed on a metal sample with a diameter of 16 mm is as follows. The loads at points A, B and C and the elongation measured on l. 16 cm gauge length were determined as follows: B A B C Load (kgf) 4800 8400 7200 Elongation (mm) 0.192 28.8 38.4 a) Calculate the proportionality limit, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, maximum uniform elongation, and contraction-elongation ratio of the metal. b) Since the measured diameter of the metal at break is 12 mm, find the constriction ratio and the actual stress at break.
- Stress and strain analysisStress analysisA steel specimen of 300 mm length and 30 mm diameter is subjected to tensile test in a computerizedUTM. Under 54 kN of tensile load, the final length and diameter are observed as 300.112 mm and29.99634 mm respectively. Calculate (a) the Poission’s ratio and (b) the values of three moduli.