A 51.5-g toy car is released from rest on a frictionless track with a vertical loop of radius R. The initial height of the car is  h = 3.80R. (a) What is the speed of the car at the top of the vertical loop? (Use the following as necessary: R and g.) (b) What is the magnitude of the normal force acting on the car at the top of the vertical loop?

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Central Force

Central force is the force that acts along the center of mass of one body to the center of mass of another body. Its direction from or away from a point on a body to another is called the center of the force. Such forces include gravitational force between two massive objects or electrostatic forces between two charged particles. So from atoms to planets, the central forces play an important role in shaping our daily lives. One of the remarkable features of central forces is that they are conservative, i.e. the total energy of a central force system can always be expressed as a gradient of a potential energy function.