A1. Sodium citrate: 0.015 M. Calculate the mass of sodium citrate dihydrate, Na3C6H5O7(H2O)2, needed to prepare 25 mL of a 0.015 M sodium citrate solution.A2. Silver nitrate: 5.0 x 10-4 M. Calculate the volume of 0.040 M AgNO3 solution needed to prepare 50 mL of 5.0 x 10-4 M AgNO3 solution.a3. Hydrogen peroxide: 0.050 M. Calculate the volume of 1.2 M H2O2 solution needed to prepare 50 mL of 0.050 M H2O2 solution.a4. Sodium borohydride: 0.015 M. Calculate the volume of 0.25 M NaBH4 solution needed to prepare 25 mL of 0.015 M NaBH4 solution. The following four stock solutions are used for the preparation of AGNP:1. Sodium citrate: 0.015 M2. Silver nitrate: 5.0 x 104 M3. Hydrogen peroxide: 0.050 M4. Sodium borohydride: 0.015 MTo investigate the factors which affect nanoparticle formation and to optimize the formation ofnanoplates (nanoprisms), solutions 1-3 plus high purity (Millipore) water are combined inseparate test tubes according to the following table:SolutionTube aTube bTube cTube dTube eTube fTube g1O mLO mL1.0 mL1.0 mL1.0 mL1.0 mL2.0 mL22.0 mL2.0 mL2.0 mL2.0 mL2.0 mL2.0 mL2.0 mLO mL2.0 mL1.0 mL2.0 mL3.0 mL4.0 mL4.0 mLMilliporewater7.0 mL5.0 mL5.0 mL4.0 mL3.0 mL2.0 mL1.0 mLNanoparticle formation is started by the addition of 1.0 mL of solution 4 to each of the abovetubes, then briskly stirred. All reactants are colorless in solution, but once combined and after abrief induction period, a color change occurs. In some cases, the initial solution color changes toa different color or goes through multiple color changes before a final constant color is achieved.The absorbance spectrum of each solution in the range 375-950 nm is then recorded. Thesespectra are compiled and presented in part c of the activity. These experimental results wereobtained by students who performed this experiment in general chemistry lab several semestersago.

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Answered: A1. Sodium citrate: 0.015 M. Calculate…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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A1. Sodium citrate: 0.015 M. Calculate the mass of sodium citrate dihydrate, Na3C6H5O7(H2O)2, needed to prepare 25 mL of a 0.015 M sodium citrate solution.
A2. Silver nitrate: 5.0 x 10-4 M. Calculate the volume of 0.040 M AgNO3 solution needed to prepare 50 mL of 5.0 x 10-4 M AgNO3 solution.
a3. Hydrogen peroxide: 0.050 M. Calculate the volume of 1.2 M H2O2 solution needed to prepare 50 mL of 0.050 M H2O2 solution.
a4. Sodium borohydride: 0.015 M. Calculate the volume of 0.25 M NaBH4 solution needed to prepare 25 mL of 0.015 M NaBH4 solution.

The following four stock solutions are used for the preparation of AGNP:
1. Sodium citrate: 0.015 M
2. Silver nitrate: 5.0 x 104 M
3. Hydrogen peroxide: 0.050 M
4. Sodium borohydride: 0.015 M
To investigate the factors which affect nanoparticle formation and to optimize the formation of
nanoplates (nanoprisms), solutions 1-3 plus high purity (Millipore) water are combined in
separate test tubes according to the following table:
Solution
Tube a
Tube b
Tube c
Tube d
Tube e
Tube f
Tube g
1
O mL
O mL
1.0 mL
1.0 mL
1.0 mL
1.0 mL
2.0 mL
2
2.0 mL
2.0 mL
2.0 mL
2.0 mL
2.0 mL
2.0 mL
2.0 mL
O mL
2.0 mL
1.0 mL
2.0 mL
3.0 mL
4.0 mL
4.0 mL
Millipore
water
7.0 mL
5.0 mL
5.0 mL
4.0 mL
3.0 mL
2.0 mL
1.0 mL
Nanoparticle formation is started by the addition of 1.0 mL of solution 4 to each of the above
tubes, then briskly stirred. All reactants are colorless in solution, but once combined and after a
brief induction period, a color change occurs. In some cases, the initial solution color changes to
a different color or goes through multiple color changes before a final constant color is achieved.
The absorbance spectrum of each solution in the range 375-950 nm is then recorded. These
spectra are compiled and presented in part c of the activity. These experimental results were
obtained by students who performed this experiment in general chemistry lab several semesters
ago.

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