a. What does it mean when we say that a surface 'sees itself in the context of radiative heat transfer? b. If heat transfer by conduction through a medium occurs under steady- state, will the temperature at a particular location vary with time? Will the temperature vary with location in the medium?
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- 1.26 Repeat Problem 1.25 but assume that the surface of the storage vessel has an absorbance (equal to the emittance) of 0.1. Then determine the rate of evaporation of the liquid oxygen in kilograms per second and pounds per hour, assuming that convection can be neglected. The heat of vaporization of oxygen at –183°C is .1.76 Explain a fundamental characteristic that differentiates conduction from convection and radiation.Radiative Heat Transfer. Two plane disks each 1.25 m in diameter are parallel and directly opposed to each other. They are separated by a distance of 0.5 m. Disk 1 is heated by electrical resistance to 833.3 K. Both disks are insulated on all faces except the two faces directly opposed to each other. Assume that the surroundings emit no radiation and that the disks are in space. Calculate the temperature of disk 2 at steady state and also the electrical energy input to disk 1. Hint: The fraction of heat lost from area 1 to space is (1 – F12).
- Absorptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity are three main properties inradiation heat transfer. With the help of illustration distinguished the differentbetween these three properties and conclude the relationship between them.1. Solar Collector Problem: From the diameter of the sun and the earth and the mean distance of sun from earth, estimate (a) the amount of energy emitted from the sun, (b) the amount of energy received by the earth, and (c) the solar constant for a sun temperature of 5700K. If the distance of Planet-Y from the sun is 7.0 astronomical unit, estimate, (c) the solar constant for Planet-Y for a sun temperature of 5700K. (Stefan-Boltzmann constant, o = 5.67 x 10-8 W/m2-K4). Diameter of the sun = 1,392,000 km; DiaPlanet-y = 340,800 km; Mean distance of the sun from the earth = 149,600,000 km r Sun R 0₂ m Aa ||A₂ Ar ConcentratorSUPPOSE THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IS 20degrees CELSIUS, AND THE HOT RESERVOIR CONSISTS OF A SPHERICAL TANK WITH A RADIUS OF 4.00 m, THAT ACTS AS AN IDEAL EMITTER OF RADIATION. IF ALL THE RADIANT ENERGY EMITTED BY THE TANK COULD BE CAPTURED, WHAT IS THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF WORK THAT COULD BE DONE EACH SECOND? ( please only answer if your 100% correct) (show work)
- Assignment 4 ENT319 (Chapter Heat Transfer) | Semester 1 Academic 2021/2022 Problem 6 Heat Transfer between Two Isothermal Plates Consider steady heat transfer between two large parallel plates at constant temperature of T = 300 K and T2= 200 K that are L=1 cm apart, as shown in Figure F. Assuming the surfaces to be black (emissivity ɛ = 1), determine the rate of heat transfer between the plates per unit surface area assuming the gap between the plates is (a) Filled with atmospheric air (b) Evacuated (c) Filled with urethane insulation (d) Filled with superinsulation that has an apparent thermal conductivity of 0.00002 W/m.K. T = 300 K T, = 200 K L=1 cm Figure F RK 85 NMJ33003 Thermofluid Page 6Give step-by-step calculation and explanation Consider a person sitting nude on a beach in Florida. On a sunny day, visible radiation energy from the sun is absorbed by the person at a rate of 30 kcal/h or 34.9 W. The air temperature is a warm 30 °C and the individual’s skin temperature is 32 °C. The effective body surface exposed to the sun is 0.9 m². (Assume this same area for sun absorption, radiative transfer, and convective loss. Is this a good assumption?) a. Find the net energy gain or loss from thermal radiation each hour. (Assume thermal radiative gain and loss according to the equation 6.51 in Herman and an emissivity of 1.) -(4). Equalion (6.51) - (40Tin)Eskin Aşkin (Tskin – Troom) dt = (4 x 5.67 x 10¬8 w/m²–K* x (307 K)')€skin Askin (Tskin – Troom). (6.52) b. If there is a 4 m/s breeze, find the energy lost by convection each hour. (Use Eq. 6.61 with eq. 6.63.) 1 Equation he(Tskin – Tair), (6.61) A dt he 10.45 – w + 10w0.5 (6.63) - c. If the individual’s metabolic rate is…a) Explain how Fourier's law of conduction (in one-dimensional cartesian system) can be applied to experimentally measure the thermal conductivity of solid materials. What are the necessary conditions and assumptions? b) Two surfaces make up an enclosure where surface 1 is flat and has area A₁, temperature T₁ and emissivity &. Surface 2 is black and has temperature T2. Show that the net power transfer rate (net heat flux) in W/m² at surface 1 is given by ε₁0 (T₁ - T₂).
- A small sphere (emissivity = 0.745, radius = r1) is located at the center of a spherical asbestos shell (thickness = 1.72 cm, outer radius = r2; thermal conductivity of asbestos is 0.090 J/(s m Co)). The thickness of the shell is small compared to the inner and outer radii of the shell. The temperature of the small sphere is 727 °C, while the temperature of the inner surface of the shell is 406 °C, both temperatures remaining constant. Assuming that r2/r1 = 6.54 and ignoring any air inside the shell, find the temperature in degrees Celsius of the outer surface of the shell.The last portion asks you for "net radiant heat flux to the surface", meaning that positive net radiative heat flux means in and negative net radiative heat flux means out. This is opposite the typical sign convention - be aware of thisThe basal metabolic rate isthe rate at which energy is produced in the body when a person is at rest.A 75 kg (165 lb) person of height 1.83 m (6 ft) has a body surface areaof approximately 2.0 m2. (a) What is the net amount of heat this personcould radiate per second into a room at 18°C (about 65°F) if his skin’ssurface temperature is 30°C? (At such temperatures, nearly all the heatis infrared radiation, for which the body’s emissivity is 1.0, regardless ofthe amount of pigment.) (b) Normally, 80% of the energy produced bymetabolism goes into heat, while the rest goes into things like pumpingblood and repairing cells. Also normally, a person at rest can get rid ofthis excess heat just through radiation. Use your answer to part (a) to findthis person’s basal metabolic rate.