a. How Magnitude, Intensity and acceleration change with increasing distance from the source? b. What kind of plate boundary is associated with the deepest earthquakes, and why? BRIEFLY EXPLAIN
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a. How Magnitude, Intensity and acceleration change with increasing distance from the source?
b. What kind of plate boundary is associated with the deepest earthquakes, and why?
BRIEFLY EXPLAIN
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- a. How Magnitude, Intensity and acceleration change with increasing distance from the source? b. What kind of plate boundary is associated with the deepest earthquakes, and why?What physically happens to dynamic friction as you speed up and slow down in a velocity weakening material (draw changes in friction coefficient with changes in velocity – mark the direct and evolutionary effects (a and b terms and the a-b terms). What is the equation for Rate and State Behavior at low slip velocities? (describe the parameters) Draw an earthquake rupture on a strike slip fault plane showing the fast and slow slip regions. How and Why do the dynamic weakening mechanisms vary between the initial nucleation region and the subsequent rupture front (describe in terms of slip velocities and rupture front propagation velocities and the various proposed dynamic weakening mechanisms)?For Vp=5 km/s and Vs=3.5km/s, Analyse the time history of an earthquake as given in figure 2 to find: a. The epicentral distance in km.b. The size of earthquake in local magnitude ML.c. The origin time of the earthquake.
- A long-span suspension bridge is going to be built in an active seismic region. The structural earthquake engineer can choose the design ground-motion parameter with respect to three return periods: 475, 950 and 2,500 years. Which is the most suitable return period to select and why? What is the associated probability of the peak ground acceleration for the return period being exceeded?An earthquake produces a longitudinal pressure wave called a P-wave that travels through the body of the earth at speed 1. 4 B 3 7.8 km/s The quake also produces a transverse wave called an S-wave that travels at a speed V 4.5 km /s If the earth's density p equals 2400 kg/m', use the preceding information to calculate the (a) bulk modulus B and (b) shear modulus S of the earth.A long‐span suspension bridge is going to be built in an active seismic region in Japan. The structural earthquake engineer can choose the design ground‐motion parameter with respect to three return periods: 475, 950 and 2500 years. Which is the most suitable return period to select and why? What is the associated probability of the peak ground acceleration for the return period being exceeded?
- Q.5 Give introduction to earthquake engineering and also explain the magnitude and intensity of the earthquake.(14)5. During the Mexico City earthquake of 1985 certain buildings collapsed, while others remained standing. What was the issue with the buildings that collapsed? How could these collapses have been avoided? 6. What are some other examples of resonance? How does resonance affect these different systems? 7. Structural engineers consult with geologists to help predict the expected frequency of earthquake motions at a given site. They use this information to then make sure that buildings on that site do not have the same natural frequency as the expected earthquake input motions to avoid setting up resonance, in which the displacements of the building are amplified. What are some different strategies you might use to change the frequency of a building? Is it better to design buildings that are stiffer or more flexible?1)A water tank having a natural frequency of 0.5 Hz is subjected to an earthquake with a sinusoidal variation of acceleration with respect to time. The earthquake has displacement amplitude of 9″and exciting frequency of 1 Hz. Determine the amplitude of displacement and acceleration at the top end of water tank. Take ζ=5%.
- A magnitude 4.9 earthquake struck Quezon province early Tuesday morning, December 22, 2020, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology reported. Phivolcs says the tectonic earthquake's epicenter was about 20 kilometers northwest of General Nakar town in Quezon, with a depth of 15 kilometers (shallow earthquake), which occurred at 2:14 a.m. If a seismograph station is suitated exaclty 100km from the epicenter (that gives you a 0.9 degrees angular epicentral distance), determine a.) the peak amplitude recorded in the seismogram if Richter magnitude scale was used. b.) the peak surface wave amplitude recorded in the seismogram if surface wave magnitude scale was usedPoorly confined concrete concrete columns can be subjected to the following under extreme compression forces: column reinforcing buckling column flexural failure shear failure all of the aboveSeismic Principle Candidate Questions. 1. Define Normal fault, Strike slip fault, and Reverse fault. 2. How is plate tectonics related to volcanoes and earthquakes? 3. Describe the relationship between Return Period and probability of occurrence for earthquake. 4. Define Ductility (Response Modification Factor) Magnitude vs Intensity of Earthquake 5. How do you measure magnitude of earthquake? 6. What is the purpose of base isolation and how? 7. Type of earthquake waves, list most destructive wave. 8. Factors affecting seismic response of structure. 9. Definition of flexible diaphragm. 10. Loading to be included in the seismic analysis 11. How is Seismic design category (SC) is related to maximum height of structure? 12. How do you construct Design Response Spectrum? 13. Seismic anchorage force for wall/floor connection. 14. What is mode shape of structure reflected in the vertical distribution of seismic shear?