Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Which of these is the correct rotation for [a] of 0°?
Transcribed Image Text:### Transcription for Educational Website
The image presents two chemical reactions illustrating the substitution of a bromine atom in an organic compound with a methoxy group (OCH₃).
#### Reaction a:
- **Starting Material:**
- A chiral alkyl bromide with the bromine (Br) atom connected to a carbon, shown with a wedge to indicate its spatial orientation.
- **Reagent:**
- Methanol (CH₃OH).
- **Products:**
- Two isomers, where the bromine is substituted by an OCH₃ group.
- Both the methoxy groups (OCH₃) are shown with different spatial orientations:
- One with a wedge indicating that the OCH₃ group is in the same orientation as the original Br.
- The other with a dashed line showing inversion of configuration compared to the original Br.
#### Reaction b:
- **Starting Material:**
- Similar chiral alkyl bromide starting material as in Reaction a.
- **Reagent:**
- Methoxide ion (CH₃O⁻).
- **Products:**
- Similar to Reaction a, it produces two isomers with the methoxy group substituting the bromine, depicted with different configurations of the OCH₃ group:
- One with a wedge (same spatial orientation as original Br).
- Another with a dashed line (inverted orientation compared to original Br).
### Explanation
- Both reactions demonstrate nucleophilic substitution where the bromine is replaced by an -OCH₃ group.
- The use of different reagents (CH₃OH vs. CH₃O⁻) can lead to changes in reaction conditions and possibly reaction mechanisms (like SN1 or SN2).
- The difference in the spatial orientation of the product isomers indicates stereochemistry considerations in such reactions.
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