Answered: A superconducting ring can carry a…

A superconducting ring can carry a current for an indeﬁ nite length of time. Isn’t this a perpetual motion machine, which violates the ﬁ rst or second law of thermodynamics? Explain.

Electrical Transformers and Rotating Machines

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305494817

Author:Stephen L. Herman

Publisher:Stephen L. Herman

Chapter2: Magnetic Induction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6RQ: Into how many time constants is an exponential curve divided?

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Concept explainers

Laws of thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a field of research, which needs the creation of absolute and ideal states and logical and practical examination of the actual conditions. By considering all the laws and theories of thermodynamics, the chemical reactions, the occurrence of processes, and physiological functions can be predicted with this field.

Question

A superconducting ring can carry a current for an indeﬁ nite length of time. Isn’t this a perpetual motion machine, which violates the ﬁ rst or second law of thermodynamics? Explain.

Science that deals with the amount of energy transferred from one equilibrium state to another equilibrium state.

Expert Solution

Step 1

Perpetual motion machine is a kind of machine which can do work without any energy input.

A Superconductor is an hypothetical material which offers zero resistance. The entropy change in a superconducting material is zero as it is a highly ordered material.

From Second law of thermodynamics:

$∆ S = \frac{∆ Q}{T} 0 = \frac{∆ Q}{T} ∆ Q = 0 F r o m f i r s t l a w o f t h e r m o d y n a m i c s : ∆ Q = ∆ U + ∆ W 0 = ∆ U + ∆ W ∆ W = - ∆ U S i n c e i n t e r n a l e n e r g y o f a s u p e r c o n d u c t o r i s c o n s \tan t . ∆ U = 0 T h e n, W o r k d o n e, ∆ W = 0$

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