A study investigated the impact of sleep deprivation on academic performance in university medical students. An individual's sleep habit was measured using a sleep quality index. A higher index number indicates poorer sleep quality. Academic performance was measured by the student's cumulative grade point average. In addition, the student's physical activity, as measured by the average time for exercise per week, and their behavioural risk factors such as alcohol use, smoking habit and coffee use were recoded

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Related questions
Question

Gender

Alcohol

Exercise

SQI

GPA

Male

Yes

9

15.5

3.85

Male

Yes

11

11.0

5.46

Female

No

5

11.1

3.28

Female

No

6

13.9

2.37

Female

Yes

8

9.9

4.63

Male

Yes

11

14.5

4.58

Male

Yes

9

10.6

4.96

Male

Yes

11

15.1

1.02

Female

No

8

12.4

4.33

Female

Yes

10

11.5

3.96

Male

No

8

10.6

5.83

Male

Yes

7

11.5

6.12

Male

Yes

10

10.8

2.20

Male

Yes

11

12.5

2.93

Male

Yes

9

16.4

4.52

Female

Yes

2

14.1

4.50

Male

Yes

8

15.3

1.63

Female

No

6

18.0

3.09

Female

No

5

9.7

3.92

Male

Yes

11

10.5

3.10

Female

No

8

13.7

5.42

Male

Yes

8

14.9

2.03

Female

No

7

10.9

5.90

Male

No

10

14.5

3.25

Male

Yes

7

11.5

5.21

Female

No

9

11.3

3.31

Male

Yes

9

11.6

2.51

Male

No

10

15.6

3.88

Male

Yes

10

12.3

4.33

Male

Yes

11

12.2

4.49

Female

No

6

15.6

4.16

Male

Yes

11

11.0

4.99

Male

Yes

11

13.5

5.76

Female

No

7

11.0

3.54

Female

Yes

6

8.1

4.23

Male

Yes

8

17.6

3.66

Male

Yes

9

9.1

6.02

Male

Yes

12

13.5

3.56

Male

Yes

10

18.8

3.79

Female

No

8

12.8

4.59

Male

Yes

8

15.4

3.20

Male

Yes

9

12.6

0.98

Male

Yes

8

15.8

3.43

Male

Yes

8

14.2

5.68

Female

No

9

14.1

4.55

Female

No

6

14.7

3.16

Female

No

7

14.6

5.41

Female

No

4

10.1

4.31

Female

Yes

12

10.4

1.85

Female

No

7

11.2

3.87

Male

Yes

10

11.9

2.75

Male

Yes

10

8.2

6.77

Male

Yes

12

17.5

5.68

Male

Yes

11

8.4

5.26

Female

No

10

16.1

3.85

Male

No

7

13.4

6.07

Male

Yes

10

11.2

6.15

Male

Yes

10

17.5

4.75

 

 

 

A study investigated the impact of sleep deprivation on academic performance in university medical students. An individual's sleep habit was measured using a sleep quality index. A higher index number indicates poorer sleep quality. Academic performance was measured by the student's cumulative grade point average. In addition, the student's physical activity, as measured by the average time for exercise per week, and their behavioural risk factors such as alcohol use, smoking habit and coffee use were recoded.

 

The data contains the following variables:

GenderGender of the student (Male/Female)

Alcohol Whether the student drinks alcoholic beverages (Yes/No)

ExerciseAverage hours of exercise per week

SQISleep Quality Index (a higher index number indicates poorer sleep quality)

GPACumulative Grade Point Average

 

 

The association between academic performance and sleep quality may be obscured by the students' engagement in physical activity and behavioural risk factors. Assuming there are no interactions, fit a multiple regression model for academic performance using sleep quality, exercise and alcohol usage as predictors. The estimated coefficient for the variable Exercise in this model is

 -0.0192

 -0.0142

 -0.0070

 0.0035

Question 11

In the fitted regression model in Question 10, the degrees of freedom used to test the statistical significance of the population parameter corresponding to the variable Exercise is

 50

 54

 55

 57

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